Discuss and Critically Evaluate the Most Commonly Cited...

Discuss and critically evaluate the most commonly cited characteristics found in successful entrepreneur? There has been extensive research conducted on the characteristics that successful entrepreneurs possess. These attributes vary widely across literature, however there are common key traits that are required to achieve any form of success. Frederick et al (2013) suggest entrepreneurs are risk takers, optimistic, have sound judgement and an ability to manage. While a review of literature relating to the psychology of an entrepreneur reveals a large variety of characteristics in a successful entrepreneur, these can be consolidated to a a few into only a few traits that are essential for a successful entrepreneur. Whilst taking into†¦show more content†¦However, it is his overconfidence in the coal mining has become his downfall in 2012. While it was Tinklers optimism and overconfidence on new venture activity resulted in his wealth, the research has detailed that excess optimism and overconfidence can be a drawback. Whyte et al (1997) found that overconfidence predicts an esca lation of commitment to losing course of action and similarly in a simulation study conducted by Audia et al (2000) found that entrepreneurs that experience success were more likely to be overconfident and stuck to their original course of action (Audia et al, 2000). This is research is shown most prevalent in Tinklers actions immediately after his initial success to the point that his blindness and lack of any ability to review alternative decisions with his wealth resulted in is wealth halving. A further instance of this was when Tinkler invested heavily back in the coal mining sector with his wealth as this was the original course of action that made his wealth. Consequently, with a dip in the global coal price, Tinklers wealth halved from $1.18 billion to $630 million with many of his coal businesss put into receivership (Low 2013). His over confidence lead to an over evaluation of his business (Hayward and Hambrick 1997) and resulted in him investing in now unprofitable ventures (Zacharakis and ShepardShow MoreRelatedStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pages-84743-4 (hardcover) There are some people who begin the Zoo at the beginning, called WAYIN, and walk as quickly as they can past every cage until they come to the one called WAYOUT, but the nicest people go straight to the animal they love the most, and stay there. —A. A. Milne, in the Introduction to Winnie-The-Pooh We dedicate this book to such people who are more interested in open fields than closed cages. CONTENTS Embarkation 1 And Over Here, Ladies and Gentlemen: The StrategicRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management72324 Words   |  290 PagesEmployees? 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We pass our years, most of us, contemplating the relationship between the money we earn and the money we need, our thoughts suspended, as it were, between the two. Economics is about what we earn and what we get for it. So an understanding of economics is an understandingRead MoreSales and Marketing for Financial Institutions80443 Words   |  322 PagesAsia Pacific Contents Introduction Topic 1 Topic 2 Topic 3 Topic 4 Topic 5 Topic 6 Topic 7 Topic 8 Topic 9 Introduction to marketing Introduction to sales The financial services customer Marketing and sales strategy Acquiring customers Making the most of channels Managing customer relationships Legal compliance and ethics in marketing and sales The bottom line — measuring the effectiveness of marketing and sales Introduction Subject aims In a competitive, demand-driven financial services environmentRead MoreA Study on Enhanced Employee Performance Through Soft Skills20707 Words   |  83 Pagesdefined by the Oxford Dictionary is â€Å"The ability to do something well†. Soft skills can be said to incorporate all aspects of generic skills that include the cognitive elements associated with non-academic skills. Soft skills are identified to be the most critical skills in the current global job market especially in a fast moved era of technology. And management gurus relate soft skills to emotional quotient and define soft skills as ‘a cluster of personality traits’. Soft skills is a sociologicalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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The Leadership Of The Enron Corporation - 935 Words

Thank you, Devin, for explaining the role leadership plays in organizations and specifically at Enron. Leadership of the Enron corporation was a group of high payed executives. Their mission statement claimed they â€Å"treat others as we would like to be treated ourselves....We do not tolerate abusive or disrespectful treatment. Ruthlessness, callousness and arrogance don t belong here. (Revolutionary Worker 2002) However, â€Å"as in other aspects of Enron’s culture, the appearance did not match reality.† (Stephens and Behr 2002) Enron could become an â€Å"energy broker† in lieu of company delivering energy with the deregulation of electrical power in 1988. â€Å"Deregulation allowed Enron to be creative – for the first time, a company that had been required to â€Å"operate within the lines† could innovate and test limits.† (Sims and Brinkmann 2003) Enron went from a company with humble beginnings that has faced difficult years to an organization â€Å"where a handful of highly paid executives were able to pocket millions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Sims and Brinkmann 2003) With deregulation and the use of mark-to-market accounting Enron was able to legally make millions while being unethical. Ken Lay and Jeffrey Skilling were the team known as The Smartest Guys in the Room. This powerhouse team of two people coordinated their work to meet a shared common objective. That objective was to make money. This objected created a culture that was one of â€Å"intense pressure to keep Enron stocks on an ever-rising curve.† (StephensShow MoreRelatedBusiness Failure Paper1045 Words   |  5 Pagesthe largest energy companies in the world, Enron Corporation. I will discuss the leadership, management, and organizational structure of the company and how this failure could have been prevented. Company Overview Enron Corporation was an American energy company in downtown Houston, Texas. Enron employed more than 22,000 workers and was one of the largest companies dealing with electricity, natural gas, and communications. In the year 2000, Enron claimed revenues of over $100 billion. ByRead MoreReasons for Enrons Business Failure1434 Words   |  6 PagesEnron - Reasons for Business Failure Abstract Various major companies in the past have witnessed unimaginable growth of their businesses, but some of them eventually had to succumb to downfall as their business models failed. Most of these businesses had been deemed as failures due to the management methods, leadership practices and flawed organizational structures. This research paper aims to focus on Enron, a large entity as a failed model of business. This would be achieved by discussing aboutRead MoreEnrons Business Failure Paper986 Words   |  4 PagesEnron Business Failure Paper Abstract The following paper will explain the reason of why Enron as a company failed. It will compare and contrast the contributions of leadership, management and organizational structures to the failure. Enron, was the worlds top electrical, communications, pulp and paper, and natural gas company. Unfortunately, in late 2001 the company started to unravel. Enron was on the brink of bankruptcy and even an attempt to be bought out by a smaller company calledRead MoreFailure Of Responsible Management : Enron Corporation1645 Words   |  7 Pageswhich failure of responsible management. The Enron Corporation is an example, because Enron event is the typical case for organization failure of responsible management In the end of 2001, Enron scandal has been disclosure, Enron stock prices slumped, and its financial tricks was exposed. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began survey of company s records. Enron’s auditor ‘Arthur Andersen ‘destroys relevant documents. (Ailon, G. 2011) Enron was bankruptcy in December 2001, and became theRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Enron Case1622 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The Enron case is well known for being the largest corporate bankruptcy in American history. Thousands of people world-wide lost billions of dollars, lost life savings, and lost their jobs. Due to the vast corruption, greed and the blatant disregard for integrity from the very top of Enron leadership, world markets crumbled and investor confidence in corporate America was severely damaged (Chandra, 2003.) We will look at the accounting fraud committed by Enron executives and interestedRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act Of 2002 Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesMistakes made by the company and their leadership shocked the world and cost billions. Enron’s leadership could have taken steps to prevent or mitigate the repercussions of their actions. The act restored ethical and reliable financial practices to the market.The major provisions of the act made corporations responsibility for financial reports, and required internal and external audits. The Act changed the accounting regulatory environment. And although corporations incurred the additional expense ofRead MoreManagement and Organizational Structure1043 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagement of Enron, The structures were flat before the bureaucratic structure developed, then the bureaucratic structures developed in order to increase control. There were vertical structures where there was high level of control and according to theories the organizational circle is moving back to flat structure. In Enron Corporation, internally it had such a highly decentralized financial control and decision making structure that made it impossible to get a clear view on the corporations operationsRead MoreThe Ethical Dimension Of The Demise Of Enron Corporation1474 Words   |  6 Pagesthe ethical dimension of the demise of Enron Corporation an reflection of author, placed in hypothetical situations. Accounting Fraud and Management philosophy will be the main discussion topics, along with the motivations of fraud. The fall of Enron can be directly attributed to a violation of ethical standards in business. This makes Enron unique in corporate history for the same actions that made Enron on of the fastest growing and most profitable corporations, at the turn of the 21st century, alsoRead MoreManagement Organization1074 Words   |  5 PagesManagement Organization In any business, leadership management’s responsibility is to provide a safe and comfortable working environment, using appropriate communication skills, operating with the highest possible ethical standards, being fair, provide compensation to the employees increasing motivation for the employees to work at his or her fullest potential. This paper will discuss Enron, and the business failure that occurred. At one time, Enron was one of the largest energy providers in AmericaRead MoreThe Enron Conglomerate : The Fourth Greatest Income Earning Corporation1430 Words   |  6 PagesThe Enron Conglomerate was established in 1985 from its command center located in Houston, Texas which is the seventh greatest income earning corporation in the U.S. The first scandal that Enron suffered from was from a merge they made with Valhalla which is a small oil trading corporation centered in New York. A group of traders maxed out its trading limits costing Enron millions of dollars. Kennet h Lay was the CEO of Enron but partnered with Louis Borget. He began manipulating the accounting books

Health Fair Blood Pressure - 2115 Words

Health Fair: Blood Pressure Carpia Daniels Wendy Ferguson Anne Maina Christine Peterson RN10 San Joaquin Valley College July 18, 2016 It’s no surprise that in today’s society many suffer from longer working hours and a more chaotic lifestyle. These in turn could lead to unhealthy eating habits and health conditions that one may not be aware of. According to the American Heart Association, â€Å"High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a disease. Even though it typically has no symptoms, HBP can have deadly health consequences if not treated, about 80 million U.S. adults have been diagnosed with high blood pressure.† This paper will discuss in detail what blood pressure is, how it’s measured, how it can be treated, and ways that†¦show more content†¦Hypertension is the most common diagnosis in the United States. One in three Americans have hypertension. Hypertension is classified as a sustained systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Mg or higher, or a sustained diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Mg or higher according to the Seventh Joint National Committee (Kivi). Chances of developin g hypertension increases with age. Hypertension does not only occur in adults, it also occurs in children. Hypertension is usually symptomless unless left untreated and reaches dangerously high levels; then a person might experience symptoms such as headaches, shortness of breath or nosebleeds (Staff, High Blood Pressure). Hypertension is classified by three different types: Primary Hypertension, Secondary Hypertension and Complicated Hypertension (Staff, High Blood Pressure). In Primary Hypertension there is usually no cause but it is thought to be brought on by genetic and environmental factors such as diet, stress, and being overweight. Secondary Hypertension is caused by an underlying disease, ex. Kidney problems, adrenal gland tumors. Complicated Hypertension is brought on once Hypertension becomes severe and chronic and can cause tissue damage and target organ damage (Staff, High Blood Pressure). Hypotension is classified as a blood pressure reading of 90 mmHg systolic or less and 60 mmHg diastolic or less according to the Mayo Clinic (Staff, Low Blood Pressure).

Describe and Evaluate the influences of childhood behaviour on adult relationships free essay sample

Desribe and evaluate the influence of childhod experiences on adult relationships According to John Bowlby’s theory of attachment – specifically the concept of the internal working model, later relationships are likely to be a continuation of early attachment types (secure/insecure) because the behaviour of infants promotes an internal working model or schema which leads to the infant expecting the same in later relationships. For example, someone with an avoidant attachment type is more likely to hold the view that sex without love is pleasurable. This can be supported by the work of Mary Ainsworth on the ‘strange situation. ’ Where children are put into situations both with and without their mother and observed on criteria such as; willingness to explore, stranger anxiety, separation anxiety and reunian behaviour. They found evidence of these three attachment types; secure, insecure-avoidant, and insecure-resistant. And suggested that these attachement types would have an effect of later relationships. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe and Evaluate the influences of childhood behaviour on adult relationships or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, there are elements of this study that lack ecological vadility as a result of social desirability bias. The parents in the study may act different towards their children under observation that they would in a natural environment, and as a result there may be some level of bias in the results. Furthermore, Hazan and Shaver conducted a study called the ‘love quiz’ using a selection of volunteers. They were given 2 questionnaires, one to determine their early relationships with parents, the second their later, adult romantic attachments. They found a strong correlation between relationships at a young age and relationships later on in life. For example, the divorce percentage in securely attached participants was only 6% half of the percentage of divorce with insecurely attached participants. However, as well as the clear social desirability bias as people will look to sounds good, perhaps rather than answering truthfully. There is also an issue as the study relies heavily of retrospective data. The participants are asked to recall events that occurred years prior to the study, and, as a result there may be issues with reliability. In an ongoing longitudinal study spanning over 25 years involving 78 participants, Simpson et al. studied participants at four key stages; infancy, early childhood, adolenscence and adulthood, and recording on sociability and relationships throughout their lives. It was found that there is a huge link between relationships at an early age and those later on in life. For example, a securely attached child was found to have higher social competance ages 6-8, thus leading to them being closer to their friends aged 16, and in turn leading to these people having better relationships with their partners in early adulthood. While it would appear tha there was rich data as the study was ongoing for 25 years, only 78 people were researched on over this time, so in fact the data cannot be generalised to the entire population as it only studies limited participants. As well as this, much like the other studies, Simpson’s is extremely deterministic. Not all people are the same and some may have varied relationships from a young age and in later life. For example, as a child, a person may have a secure attachment, but during early adulthood their partner may cheat on them – thus destroying every positive view they had on relationships and lead to them finding it hard to form a trusting relationshipagain. It must be taken into account that there are extraneous variable throughout life that could affect this theory, as well as the fact that simply, people are all different. This can be seen through Rutter who suggested that even if someone has a difficult childhood, they can go on to achieve happy relationships in the future, because postive things in later life such as good school experiences may allow them to trust people again. However, Feeney and Noller suggested that, in fact, relationship styles can vary in adulthood because partners have an impact on our relationship. For example, with one partner you can be extremely happy and feel it is successful, on the other hand, with another, you may feel that you don’t trust them and that it is not an enjoyable experience. This suggests that attachment styles aren’t always stable and consistant and that experiences throughout life can effect it. This lack of stability can be supported by Kirkpatrick and Hazan who found that relationship break ups were associated with a shift from secure to insecure attachment. Research has suggested that autonomy is most healthy when accompanied by continuing warm and close relationships with parents – known as ‘connectedness’ by Coleman and Hendry in 1999. This can be supported by Larson who conducted a study using pagers to find out what 10-18 year olds were doing at random times in the day. The amount of time with family decreased during adolescence, however time spent with each individual parent stayed relatively consistant, suggesting that adolescent relationships supplement rather than replace parent-child relationships. It could be suggested that rather than it all being down to the initial caregives, the child’s temperament may play a vital role in the attachment type. This has been suggested by Kagan, for example, if a child is securely attached, this will have a positive effect on later relationships, and vice versa with difficult babies. As a result of this, it must be considered that our ability to form good quality relationships may be partially innate as it is clearly much easier for a happy, outgoing person to form a relationship than a negative moody individual.

Small Business in Australia

Introduction Business insurance is a mandatory risk management prerequisite for every business despite its size and sector of operation. The business entity under study in this report is a sole proprietor small business that has been in operation for over ten years in Australian of professional services sector of the economy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Small Business in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Australian business environment is full of risks. Unlike big business entities, it would be very difficult for a small business to survive a calamity given the limited capital invested in the business. According to GIO Business Insurance Company, research shows that 70% of Australian small businesses would not survive a calamity such as storm or fire without proper insurance (Protecting Your Business, par. 2). It is for this reason that the owner of the small business I surveyed found it prudent to h old insurance as a risk management strategy. Insurance protects small businesses from any potential risk that might lead to losses and the eventual collapse of the business. Types of insurance available to small business owners in Australia There is quite a variety of insurance available to small business owners in Australia. Depending on the needs of the business owner, the following types of insurance are applicable. Liability Insurance This type of insurance covers business owners against any form of liability in the course of their business operations (Insurance Quotes Compared, liability subsection). Liability insurance protects the business as well as anyone associated with it including customers. Under the broad category of liability insurance, a business owner may opt for public liability to cover the business against any liability claims from third parties, or product liability to cover the business against liability claims regarding its product (Insurance Quotes Compared, liability subsection). Assets and Revenue Insurance This type of insurance gives the business a wider coverage and protects both business assets including building and contents, machinery, automobile, as well as covering the costs of business interruption or loss of profits (Insurance Quotes Compared, Assets and Revenue subsection). Assets and Revenue insurance can be broken down into the following types of insurance:Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fire and Perils: that covers the business premises and its contents against the dangers of fire, lightning and storm. The calamities covered in this type of insurance can be either malicious or accidental. Auto Insurance: sometimes referred to as motor insurance covers both own property damage and injury resulting from the use of one’s vehicle as well as third party injury and property damage arising from use of the same. Machinery Breakdown: that covers the business against losses resulting from machinery breakdown, specifically electric motors or boilers that are used in the business. Business Interruption Insurance: that covers the costs of taxes and other utilities during the period the business is temporarily closed down following a calamity. Workers Compensation This is compulsory insurance for every employer in Australia (Pynt, p. 86). It covers costs arising from claims made by employees due to injury, illness or death during the course of duty (Insurance Quotes Compared, people subsection; Insurance Information Institute, par. 2). Professional Indemnity This type of insurance is specifically applicable to businesses in professional services sector of the economy. It covers the business owner against legal claims made by his clients against him because of the losses they incurred as a result of the business owners omissions or errors in his professional advice (Insurance Quotes Compared, As sets and Revenue subsection). Political Risk insurance This type of insurance covers the business against losses that would arise from political perils including riots, revolution and embargo. Tax Audit This type of insurance covers the costs that the business owner would otherwise incur because of response to ATO audit. Reasons behind the choice of business insurance The small business owner in this study holds an Assets and Revenue insurance. This type of insurance covers his business premises and the contents therein as well as costs of running business during business interruption period. Given the fact that his business is located in Australia, a country prone to natural disasters such as fire and storms, his business premises stands a high risk of destruction. Building and assets therein form the backbone of every business, big or small. Should he suffer any loss due to weather calamities, then he is likely to close down his operations given the small size of his business. Bes ides, the cost of running a business after an interruption may be too high for this type of business. Through his business interruption cover, he assured of a relief in the basic costs of running his business, i.e. rent, tax, and utility bills, during the period of business interruption. Therefore, the main reasons for his choice of insurance are two fold: the uncertainty of Australian physical environment, and the possibility of a business interruption following a disaster.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Small Business in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The relationship between business owner’s background and business insurance focus From the consolidated data, it was revealed that the small business owner in this case study is an Asian. There is a high possibility that his ancestry influenced his choice of business insurance. Asia is a region prone to natural calamities including floods and storms. An Asset and Revenue insurance is a necessary insurance cover for every business in Asia to safeguard them against the risks of losses resulting from natural disasters. Most likely, the business owner in the question had this preconception and hence settled for Assets and Revenue insurance to cover his business premises and contents therein as well as costs during business interruption. Yet, liability insurance and professional indemnity would be more applicable to his business given his sector of operation. The relationship between business background and insurance focus The small business owner in this case study specializes in professional services. Considering his type of business, there is no relationship between his business background and insurance focus, no wonder he has never lodged any insurance claim despite being in operation for over ten years. Based on his type of business, he ought to have opted for more appropriate types of insurance like Professional Indemni ty to protect him against any claims that his clients would make regarding errors or omissions in his advice. Works Cited Insurance Information Institute. â€Å"Workers Compensation Insurance.† Insurance Information Institute Inc., 2011. Web. Insurance Quote Compared. Business Insurance. Insurance Quotes Compared, 2009. Web. â€Å"Protecting Your Business.† GIO, n.d. Web. Pynt, Gregory J. Australian Insurance Law: A Fast Reference. Chatswood, N.S.W: LexisNexis Butterworths, 2008. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Small Business in Australia was written and submitted by user B1-Beast to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Plato On Justice Essays (1846 words) - Socratic Dialogues

Plato On Justice Plato (428-347 BC) The Greek philosopher Plato was among the most important and creative thinkers of the ancient world. His work set forth most of the important problems and concepts of Western philosophy, psychology, logic, and politics, and his influence has remained profound from ancient to modern times. Plato was born in Athens in 428 BC. Both his parents were of distinguished Athenian families, and his stepfather, an associate of Pericles, was an active participant in the political and cultural life of Periclean Athens. Plato seems as a young man to have been destined for an aristocratic political career. The excesses of Athenian political life, however, both under the oligarchical rule (404-403) of the so-called Thirty Tyrants and under the restored democracy, seem to have led him to give up these ambitions. In particular, the execution (399) of Socrates had a profound effect on his plans. The older philosopher was a close friend of Plato's family, and Plato's writings attest to Socrates' great influence on him. After Socrates' death Plato retired from active Athenian life and traveled widely for a number of years. In 388 BC he journeyed to Italy and Sicily, where he became the friend of Dionysius the Elder, ruler of Syracuse, and his brother-in-law Dion. The following year he returned to Athens, where he founded the Academy, an institution devoted to research and instruction in philosophy and the sciences. Most of his life thereafter was spent in teaching and guiding the activities of the Academy. When Dionysius died (367), Dion invited Plato to return to Syracuse to undertake the philosophical education of the new ruler, Dionysius the Younger. Plato went, perhaps with the hope of founding the rule of a philosopher-king as envisioned in his work the Republic. The visit, however, ended (366) in failure. In 361, Plato went to Syracuse again. This visit proved even more disastrous, and he returned (360) to the Academy. Plato died in 347 BC. Plato's published writings, of which apparently all are preserved, consist of some 26 dramatic dialogues on philosophical and related themes. The precise chronological ordering of the dialogues remains unclear, but stylistic and thematic considerations suggest a rough division into three periods. The earliest dialogues, begun after 399 BC, are seen by many scholars as memorials to the life and teaching of Socrates. Three of them, the Euthyphro, Apology, and Crito, describe Socrates' conduct immediately before, during, and after his trial. The early writings include a series of short dialogues that end with no clear and definitive solution to the problems raised. Characteristically, Plato has Socrates ask questions of the form "What is X?" and insist that he wants not examples or instances of X but what it is to be X, the essential nature, or Form, of X. In the Charmides the discussion concerns the question "What is temperance?"; in the Laches, "What is courage?" in the Euthyphro, "What is holiness?" The first book of the Republic may originally have been such a dialogue, devoted to the question "What is justice?" Socrates holds that an understanding of the essential nature in each case is of primary importance, but he does not claim himself to have any such understanding. A formal mode of cross-examination called elenchus, in which the answers to questions put by Socrates are shown to result in a contradiction of the answerer's original statement, reveals the ignorance of the answerer as well. Typically, these answerers are self-professed experts (the title characters of the Gorgias and Protagoras, for example, were leading Sophists; thus their inability to provide a definition is particularly noteworthy. In the Apology, Socrates describes his mission as one of exposing this ignorance, an exposure he takes to be a necessary preliminary to true wisdom. Although the dialogues appear to end in ignorance, the dialectical structure of each work is such that a complex and subtle understanding of the concept emerges. The dialogues of the middle period were begun after the founding of the Academy. Here more openly positive doctrines begin to emerge in the discourse of Socrates. The dialogues of this period include what is widely thought to be Plato's greatest work, the Republic. Beginning with a discussion on the nature of justice, the dialogue articulates a vision of an ideal political community and the education appropriate to the rulers of such a community. Justice is revealed to be a principle of each thing performing the function most appropriate to its nature, a principle of the proper adjudication of activity and being. In political terms, this principle is embodied in a society in

Free Essays on Gender In The Work Of Perrault

Gender in the Work of Perrault The fairy tales of Charles Perrault exhibit an inherent set of gender specific social values instilled in his major characters. These values are what set the guidelines for the creation of his morality tale; they define the attributes that his characters are designed to exemplify. Perrault’s leading female characters, specifically, seem to be held under the rigid societal construct that is â€Å"model female behavior† as defined by civilità ©. Civilità © is the institution that defined 17th century France. Civilità © is the code of behavior developed by Louis XIV and the French aristocracy as an attempt to give the people of France a uniform set of social norms that would be consistent with the standards of Louis XIV’s court. This code consisted of social guidelines to which the model citizen would adhere. Civilità © as it pertained to women stressed beauty, grace, politeness, obedience, docility, and purity (virginity). A woman that adheres to the code of civilità © is perfectly groomed, an artful conversationalist, and completely reserved (in control of any urges). 17th century France saw the women of the aristocracy abide strongly by the principles set forth by civilità ©. Perrault was influential to these women as he was a strong purveyor of the code of civilità © through his fairy tales. Every day women of the aristocracy would convene in literary salons to recite fairy tales, and in doing so reinforce the principles of civilità © that these tales conveyed. These tales did not function only to entertain, they were full of underlying social values (civilità ©) and implied political commentary. The setting alone of these meetings was overtly laced with civilità ©; women would adorn themselves in expensive garments, prime themselves to physical perfection (or as close to perfection as possible), and use their superior conversation skills to convey their fairy tales as artfully as possible. No... Free Essays on Gender In The Work Of Perrault Free Essays on Gender In The Work Of Perrault Gender in the Work of Perrault The fairy tales of Charles Perrault exhibit an inherent set of gender specific social values instilled in his major characters. These values are what set the guidelines for the creation of his morality tale; they define the attributes that his characters are designed to exemplify. Perrault’s leading female characters, specifically, seem to be held under the rigid societal construct that is â€Å"model female behavior† as defined by civilità ©. Civilità © is the institution that defined 17th century France. Civilità © is the code of behavior developed by Louis XIV and the French aristocracy as an attempt to give the people of France a uniform set of social norms that would be consistent with the standards of Louis XIV’s court. This code consisted of social guidelines to which the model citizen would adhere. Civilità © as it pertained to women stressed beauty, grace, politeness, obedience, docility, and purity (virginity). A woman that adheres to the code of civilità © is perfectly groomed, an artful conversationalist, and completely reserved (in control of any urges). 17th century France saw the women of the aristocracy abide strongly by the principles set forth by civilità ©. Perrault was influential to these women as he was a strong purveyor of the code of civilità © through his fairy tales. Every day women of the aristocracy would convene in literary salons to recite fairy tales, and in doing so reinforce the principles of civilità © that these tales conveyed. These tales did not function only to entertain, they were full of underlying social values (civilità ©) and implied political commentary. The setting alone of these meetings was overtly laced with civilità ©; women would adorn themselves in expensive garments, prime themselves to physical perfection (or as close to perfection as possible), and use their superior conversation skills to convey their fairy tales as artfully as possible. No...