Holidays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Holidays - Essay Example During spring break I enjoy going fishing with my friends and family. The time I get off during spring break gives me an opportunity to catch up on my reading. Spring break is a great time to have fun. The nighttime scene always gets better during spring break vacation. I enjoy having a few drinks with my friends during spring break. It is the best time of the year to party. A holiday I have always enjoyed a lot throughout my lifetime is Halloween. When I was a small kid Halloween represented the perfect time of the year to collect candy from all my neighbors. As I grew up I have always celebrated the holiday by dressing up and going to Halloween parties. If no parties are available I dress and go trick or treating on my own. This experience helps me reminisce over my youth. I always prepare my home with Halloween decorations. If I don’t go out to trick or treat I stay home to treat the visiting kids with candy. Americans should continue the Halloween tradition forever. The most important holiday for me is Christmas. Christmas represents the birth of the baby Jesus. Santa Claus has become the favorite character of the festivity since he is the one that brings young kids the toys they want. Adults also celebrate Christmas by giving gifts to their loved ones. For me decorating the Christmas tree is a fun tradition to follow during Christmas. It is said that is better to give than to receive. During Christmas season I always try to volunteer my time at the local homeless shelter in order to help out the poor. The Christmas holiday is a time to show love for others. Spring break is a great holiday because people are looking to have fun in social gatherings. The Halloween holiday is a great American tradition that allows kids and adults to dress up and find candy. Christmas is the most important holiday of the year in which people get a chance to give gifts of appreciation to each

Autobiographical Essay Essay Example for Free

Autobiographical Essay Essay My first encounter with fear to a high extent was when I was six years old. I was riding in the car with my mom who was under the influence of alcohol. The fear that rushed through my veins made me think that something as horrible as death could happen. My older brother and younger sister were both in the car. We then pulled into the parking lot of a liquor store. My heart sank to know that my mom was consuming more alcohol to make her blood alcohol level rise. My mom stepped out of the car into the cover of darkness and walked into the store to purchase a fifth of whiskey. When she walked out of the store, I thought to myself that something really bad was going to happen that night. When my mom returned to the car, I looked deep into her eyes and asked her, â€Å"Can you please take us home before anything bad happens?† She looked at me and said, while slurring her words, â€Å"Everything is going to be okay.† I knew that everything was not going to be okay. My mom then started the car, reversed, and drove out of the parking lot of the liquor store to run over the island in the middle of the road. The car tilted from side to side and back onto the smooth road to safety. As I looked out of the window of my door with water filling my eyes, I blurrily saw cops drive past us as though we were invisible. Every part of me wanted to spring out of my car door and bring attention to the danger that was in the atmosphere. Every time a chance came, I let it slip by because I was afraid that my mom would scream at me. All I wanted to do was fall asleep and wake up in my comfy bed at home, but I knew that was impossible. We had been driving for what felt like an hour but it was only five minutes. After I blinked the water from my eyes, I realized that we were in the parking lot of Papa Murphy’s. My mom sent my older brother in to go and get the pizza that she had ordered earlier that afternoon. When he returned my mom got off the car and walked over to a group of guys standing outside of a bar and started hitting on them making a complete fool of her. As I watched those guys scan her body, disgust over took my body. As soon as her door clicked shut, I unbuckled my seatbelt, grabbed to fifth of whiskey out of the cup holder, opened my door, and through the bottle at a nearby tree. The glass bottle shattered into tiny pieces onto the grass around the tree. The relief that rushed through my body gave me hope and actually made me believe that  everything was going to be okay. After my mom finally got back into the car, she looked back at me and my sister in the back seat and said, â€Å"I’m taking you home to eat dinner with your dad now.† When those words came out of her mouth, I was filled with joy. When we finally pulled into our driveway, I unfastened my seatbelt in a flash and bolted into the house, turned the oven on, and ran into my dad’s loving arms as tears ran down my face. The comfort and loving care I felt as my dad wrapped his arms around me, made me know that I was safe. My dad then looked down at me and said with a serious look on his face, â€Å"I’m going to go and talk to your mom and see what she wants to do.† When he closed the slider door behind him, I heard my mom raise her voice in a way that made you think someone was dying. I ran to the slider door to see what was happening. The look on my dad’s face brought tears to my eyes. He was so sickened to see my mom drown herself in alcohol. My mom through her hands into the air, got back into her car, and drove away angrily. My dad then came up the steps of our deck as though he just found out that he had only a week to live. When he finally reached the door, he looked up to see the dry tear marks down my face, opened the door, and embraced me. We then walked into our living room to see my brother and sister watching Sponge Bob, we joined them. My dad then slowly walked into the kitchen to place the pizza in the oven. After about twenty minutes, we all sat down together and had dinner. Soon after, my dad looked at us three kids and said with a smile, â€Å"I have a surprise for you guys!† I looked at my siblings and saw life come into their eyes. My dad then went into the other room and came back out with an enormous bag of candy. As soon as he placed the bag on the table, we kids dog piled that bag of candy like it was the last supply of food on the earth. After we were all satisfied with candy sticking to our faces, we all went into the living room to watch a movie. I sat next to my dad while my siblings sat right in front of the 60 inch television. After, I finally fell asleep in my dad’s arms watching Popeye, I felt secure and safe. The next morning, I woke up to my dad saying to me, â€Å"Your mom got a DUI last night and she has to spend some time in jail.† When I heard that, I immediately thought that maybe my mom had either caused an accident or possibly even killed someone. We then immediately left the house to see if we could go and bail my mom out. We  couldn’t. She had to spend 4 days in jail. Those 4 days were the longest days ever. I loved my mom so much but I hated her when she was under the influence. Losing emotional connection from my mom was a hard thing to go through. I was a â€Å"daddy’s girl† so, my mom just always thought that my dad had to only be there for me. Even when they divorced she was never there for me emotionally. Ever since that day we’ve never emotionally connected. She confessed to me that she had to shut me out because I reminded her of my dad. Aside from all the chaos, I learned a very important lesson; never drink and drive. Experiencing this moment, made me know that alcohol affects everyone; the devout Christian, the highest paid employee, the people who swore they would never drink, and even the Lindsay Lohan’s. I knew from that moment on that if I even dared to drink alcohol, I would not do it front of my children or drive. Ten years after this encounter, my mom has lived her life as a recovered addict from alcohol. She saw how her drinking effected everyone she loved; her kids, husband, mom, dad, nieces, nephews, etc. From that moment on, my mom decided that she wouldn’t use alcohol as a numbing device to the pain. She hasn’t even touched the smallest bit of alcohol since. I am proud of her and am happy to see her live her life in freedom instead of bondage. That day made me know that I didn’t want to be seen by my kids, drinking and driving. I believe this moment was put in my life just so that I would now not to make the mistakes that my mom made and actually live my life in peace.

Poems By Robert Frost And Leon :: essays research papers

Have you ever wondered what makes two places the same, but in two totally different areas? Throughout the poems â€Å"Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening† by Robert Frost, and â€Å"The Bus† by Leonard Cohen, there are many similarities that take place. These similarities are the life in cities and towns, the escape into nature, and the consequences of such escapes. Throughout this essay these similarities will be explained in detail.In all cities and towns people always have obligations and responsibilities to perform. One example of this is when Robert Frost says â€Å"I have promises to keep†(pg 127). This quote proves that he has an obligation to the city and to the people at home.The Bus has it’s own similarities in the life in cities and towns. While reading the poem Leonard Cohen makes the reader feel that the bigger the city, the less homy it is. The is proven when Cohan states â€Å"Lets run away from the big city...† (pg 144). This qu ote shows that Cohan is trying to â€Å"run away† from his obligations and responsibilities.The similarities in cities and towns from â€Å"Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Night† and â€Å"The Bus† are in both poems the character is effect by there obligations to the world. In â€Å"Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Night† Frost’s character is honouring his responsibilities and obligations by leaving the wood to go home to his family. In â€Å"The Bus† the character wants run away from them.In both poems the author escapes into nature. At on point in â€Å"Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Night† Frost’s character notices the beauty of the forest around him: â€Å"The woods are lovely, dark, and deep† (pg 127). This shows that the character has a deep feelings for the nature around him.Leonard Cohen also escapes into nature in his poem. When his character is riding the bus home he says to the bus driver â€Å"Lets find o urselves a tiny american fishing village, in unknown Florida† (pg144). With this quote he expresses that he is picturing a beautiful place out in the middle of no-where. A place the is beautiful and relaxing to him.In both poems the escape into nature is obvious. In â€Å"Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Night† Frost is showing us how beautiful mother nature really is. Meanwhile in â€Å"The Bus† Cohan was dreaming of how beautiful and relaxing his tiny fishing village would be.

Fons Trompenaars’ Four Types of Corporate Culture Essay

Guided Missile – a project-oriented approach; concerned with results. This group looks for practical solutions to shared challenges via multi-disciplinary teams. The U.K. and U.S. fit into this group. Familial – this is a power-oriented model in which a ‘family’ approach is taken. Power comes from high but is well known and there is a deep concern for all members. Japan and Belgium fit into this model. Eiffel Tower – a role-oriented group in which hierarchy is important; top-down management style. To manage change, the business would have to change rules and procedures. France and Germany score high in this model. Incubator – fulfillment-oriented group who see all members as ‘co-creators’. A relatively egalitarian structure in which individuals are given the freedom to improvise. Silicon Valley is a good example of where this has worked to great effect. Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner: Seven Cultural Dimensions 1. UNIVERSALISM versus PLURALISM â€Å"What is more important – rules or relationships?† The degree of importance a culture assigns to either the law or to personal relationships. In a universalistic culture, people share the belief that general rules, codes, values and standards take precedence over the needs and claims of friends and other relationships. In a pluralistic culture, people see culture in terms of human friendship and intimate relationships. While rules do exist in a pluralistic culture, they merely codify how people relate to one another. 2. INDIVIDUALISM versus COMMUNITARISNISM â€Å"Do we function as a group or as individuals?† The degree to which people see themselves function more as a community or more as individuals. In a principally individualistic culture, people place the individual before the community. This means that individual happiness, fulfillment and welfare prevails and people take their own initiative and take care of themselves. In a principally communitarian culture, people place the community before the individual. Thus, it is the responsibility of the individual to act in ways which serve society. In doing so, individual  needs are automatically attended. 3. SPECIFIC versus DIFFUSE â€Å"How far do we get involved?† The degree to which responsibility is specifically assigned or is diffusely accepted. In a specific culture, people first analyse the elements individually and then put them together, the whole is the sum of its parts. People’s lives are divided accordingly and, only a single component can be entered at a time. Interactions between people are very well-defined. Specific individuals concentrate on hard facts, standards and contracts. A diffusely oriented culture starts with the whole and sees individual elements from the perspective of the total. All elements are related to one another. Relationships between elements are more important than individual elements. 4. AFFECTIVITY versus NEUTRALITY â€Å"Do we display our emotions?† The degree to which individuals display their emotions. In an affective culture, people display their emotions and it is not deemed necessary to hide feelings. However, in a neut ral culture, people are taught not to display their feelings overtly. The degree to which feelings become manifested is therefore minimal. While emotions are felt, they are controlled. 5. INNER DIRECTED versus OUTER DIRECTED â€Å"Do we control our environment or work with it?† The degree to which individuals believe the environment can be controlled versus believing that the environment controls them. In an inner-directed culture, people have a mechanistic view of nature; nature is complex but can be controlled with the right expertise. People believe that humans can dominate nature, if they make the effort. In an outer-directed culture, people have an organic view of nature. Mankind is viewed as one of nature’s forces and should therefore live in harmony with the environment. People therefore adapt themselves to external circumstances. 6. ACHIEVED STATUS versus ASCRIBED STATUS â€Å"Do we have to prove ourselves to receive status or is it given to us?† The degree to which individuals must prove themselves to receive status versus status simply given to them. In a culture with achieved status, people derive their status from what they have accomplished. Achieved status must be proven time and time again and status will be given accordingly. In a culture with ascribed status, people derive their status from birth, age, gender or wealth. Here status is not based on achievement but it is accorded on the basis of the person’s being. 7. SEQUENTIAL TIME versus SYNCHRONIC TIME â€Å"Do we do things one at a time or several things at once?† The degree to which individuals do things one at a time versus several things at once. Cultures developed their own response to time. Time orientation has two aspects: the relative importance cultures assign to the past, present and future, and their approach to structuring time. In a sequential culture, people structure time sequentially and do things one at a time. In a synchronic time culture, people do several things at once, believing time is flexible and intangible. http://www.provenmodels.com/580/seven-dimensions-of-culture/charles-hampden-turner–fons-trompenaars/ Geert Hofstede’s Six Cultural Dimensions The research of Geert Hofstede has shown that cultural differences between nations are especially found on the deepest level; i.e. on the level of values. In comparison, cultural differences among organizations are especially identified on the level of practices. Practices are more tangible than values. Means Oriented vs Goal Oriented The means oriented versus goal-oriented dimension is, among the six dimensions, most closely connected with the effectiveness of the organization. In a means oriented culture the key feature is the way in which work has to be carried out; people identify with the â€Å"how†. In a goal oriented culture employees are primarily out to achieve specific internal goals or results, even if these involve substantial risks; people identify with the â€Å"what†. In a very means oriented culture people perceive themselves as avoiding risks and making only a limited effort in their jobs, while each workday is pretty much the same. In a very goal oriented culture, the employees are primarily out to achieve specific internal goals or results, even if these involve substantial risks. Local vs Professional In a local company employees identify with the boss and/or the unit in which one works. In a professional organization the identity of an employee is determined by his profession and/or the content of the job. In a very local culture employees are very short term directed, they are internally focused and there is strong social control to be like everybody else. In a very professional culture it is the reverse Internally Driven vs Externally Driven In a very internally driven culture employees perceive their task towards the outside world as totally given, based on the idea that business ethics and honesty matters most and that they know best what is good for the customer and the world at large. In a very externally driven culture the only emphasis is on meeting the customer’s requirements; results are most important and a pragmatic rather than an ethical attitude prevails. This dimension is distinguishable from means versus goal orientation because in this case it is not impersonal results that are at stake, but the satisfaction of the customer, client or commissioning party Open System vs Closed System This dimension relates to the accessibility of an organization. In a very open culture newcomers are made immediately welcome, one is open both to insiders and outsiders, and it is believed that almost anyone would fit in the organization. In a very closed organization it is the reverse Easy Going Work Discipline vs Strict Work Discipline This dimension refers to the amount of internal structuring, control and discipline. A very easy-going culture reveals loose internal structure, a lack of predictability, and little control and discipline; there is a lot of improvisation and surprises. A very strict work discipline reveals the reverse. People are very cost conscious, punctual and serious Employee Oriented vs Work Oriented This aspect of the culture is most related to the management philosophy per se. In very employee oriented organizations members of staff feel that personal problems are taken into account and that the organization takes responsibility for the welfare of its employees, even if this is at the expense of the work. In very work oriented organizations there is heavy pressure to perform the task even if this is at the expense of employees. http://geert-hofstede.com/index.php

Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Statistics Question 1: The Dow Jones Travel Index reported what business travelers pay for hotel rooms per night in major U. S. cities (The Wall Street Journal, January 16,2004). The average hotel room rates for 20 cities are as follows Atlanta | $163| Minneapolis| $125| Boston | 177| New Orleans| 169| Chicago| 166| New York| 245| Cleveland| 126| Orlando| 146| Dallas| 123| Phoenix| 139| Denver| 120| Pittsburgh| 134| Detroit| 144| San Francisco| 167| Houston| 173| Seattle| 162| Los Angeles| 160| St. Louis| 145| Miami| 192| Washington D. C. | 207| a.What is the mean hotel room rate? b. What is the median hotel room rate? c. What is the mode? d. What is the first quartile? e. What is the third quartile? Question 2: The National Association of Collage and Employers compiled information about annual starting salaries for college graduates by major. The mean starting salary for business administration graduates was $39,850 (CNNM Money. com, February 15, 2006). Samples with annu al starting data for marketing majors and accounting majors follow (data are in thousands): Marketing Majors| 34. 2| 45| 39. 5| 28. | 37. 7| 35. 8| 30. 6| 35. 2| 34. 2| 42. 4| Accounting Majors| 33. 5| 57. 1| 49. 7| 40. 2| 44. 2| 45. 2| 47. 8| 38| 53. 9| 41. 1| 41. 7| 40. 8| 55. 5| 43. 5| 49. 1| 49. 9| a. Compute the mean, median, and mode of the annual starting salary for both majors. b. Compute the first and third quartiles for both majors. c. Business administration students with accounting majors generally obtain the highest annual salary after graduation. What do the sample data indicate about the difference between the annual starting salaries for marketing and accounting majors?Question 3: The American Association of Individual Investors conducted an annual survey of discount brokers (AAII Journal, January 2003). The commissions charged by 24 discount brokers for two types of trades, a broker-assisted trade of 100 shares at $50 per share and an online trade of 500 shares at $ 50 per share. a. Compute the mean, median, and mode for the commission charged on a broker-assisted trade of 100 shares at $50 per share. b. Compute the mean, media, and mode for the commission charged on an online trade of 500 shares at $50 per share. c.Which costs more, a broker-assisted trade of 100 shares at $50 per share or an online trade of 500 shares at $50 per share? d. Is the cost of a transaction related to the amount of the transaction? TABLE: COMMISSIONS CHARGED BY DISCOUNT BROKERS Question 4: A sample of 10 NCAA college basketball game scores provided the following data (USA Today, January 26, 2004) Winning Team| Points| Losing Team | Points | Winning Margin| Arizona | 90| Oregon | 66| 24| Duke| 85| Georgetown| 66| 19| Florida State| 75| Wake Forest| 70| 5| Kansas| 78| Colorado| 57| 21|Kentucky| 71| Notre Dame| 63| 8| Louisville| 65| Tennessee| 62| 3| Oklahoma State| 72| Texas| 66| 6| Purdue| 76| Michigan State| 70| 6| Stanford | 77| Southern Cal| 67| 10| Wisconsin | 7 6| Illinois | 56| 20| a. Compute the mean and standard deviation for the points scored by the winning team. b. Assume that the points by the winning teams for all NCAA games follow a bell-shaped distribution. Using the mean and standard deviation found in part (a), estimate the percentage of all NCAA games in which the winning team scores 84 or more points. Estimate the percentage ofNCAA games in which the winning team scores more than 90 points. c. Compute the mean and standard deviation for the winning margin. Question 5: Consumer Review posts reviews and rating of a variety of products on the Internet. The following is a sample of 20 speaker systems and their ratings (www. audioreview. com). The ratings are on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being best. Speaker| Rating| Speaker| Rating | Infinity Kappa | 4. 00| ACI Sapphire III| 4. 67| Allison One| 4. 12| Bose 501 Series | 2. 14| Cambridge Ensemble II| 3. 82| DCM KX-212| 4. 09|Dynaudio Contour 1. 3| 4. 00| Eosone RSR1000| 4. 17| Hsu Rs ch. HRSW12V| 4. 56| Joseph Audio RM7si| 4. 88| Legacy Audio Focus| 4. 32| Martin Logan Aerius| 4. 26| Mission 73li| 4. 33| Omni Audio SA 12. 3| 2. 32| PSB 400i| 4. 50| Polk Audio RT12| 4. 50| Snell Acoustics DIV| 4. 64| Sunfire True Subwoofer| 4. 17| Thiel CS 1. 5| 4. 20| Yamaha NS-A636| 2. 17| a. Compute the mean and the median. b. Compute the first and third quartiles. c. Compute the standard deviation. d. The skewness of this data is – 1. 67. Comment on the shape of the distribution. Question 6:According to the 2003 Annual Consumer Spending Survey, the average monthly Bank of America Visa credit card charge was $1838 (U. S. Airways Attache Magazine, December 2003). A sample of monthly credit card charges provides the following data. 236| 1710| 1351| 825| 7450| 316| 4135| 1333| 1584| 387| 991| 3396| 170| 1428| 1688| a. Compute the mean and median. b. Compute the first and third quartiles. c. Compute the range and interquartile range. d. Compute the variance and standard dev iation. Question 7: Small business owners often look to payroll service companies to handle their employee payroll.Reasons are that small business owners face complicated tax regulations and penalties for employment tax errors are costly. According to the Internal Revenue Service, 26% of all small business employment tax returns contained errors that resulted in tax penalty to the owner (The Wall Street Journal, January 30, 2006). The tax penalty for a sample of 20 small business owners follows: 820| 270| 450| 1010| 890| 700| 1350| 350| 300| 1200| 390| 730| 2040| 230| 640| 350| 420| 270| 370| 620| a. What is the mean tax penalty for improperly filed employment tax returns? b.What is the standard deviation? c. Is the highest penalty, $2040, an outlier? d. What are some of the advantages of a small business owner hiring a payroll service company to handle employee payroll services, including the employment tax returns? Question 8: The National Association of Realtors reported the medi an home price in the United States and the increase in median home price over a five-year period (The Wall Street, Journal, January 16, 2006). Use the sample home prices shown here to answer the following questions. 995. 9| 48. 8| 175. 0| 263. 50| 298. 0| 218. 9| 209. | 628. 3| 111. 0| 212. 9| 92. 6| 2325. 0| 958. 0| 212. 5| a. What is the sample median home price? b. In January 2001, the National Association of Realtors reported a median home price of $139,300 in the United States. What was the percentage increase in the median home price over the five-year period? c. What are the first quartile and the third quartile for the sample data? d. Provide a five-number summary for the home prices. e. What is the mean home price for the sample? Why does the National Association of Realtors prefer to use the median home price in its reports?

The relationships between the upper and lower classes essays

The relationships between the upper and lower classes essays Upper class societies throughout history have always tried to oppress the populace under them. In Plinys and Jacobs time this oppression took the form of slavery. By comparing and contrasting the relationships between the upper and lower classes in the books of Pliny and Jacob , I will show that attitudes towards oppression of the lower classes mainly slaves were exactly the same, with the main difference being the degree of brutality in the treatment of slaves by the upper class. In Plinys and Jacobs time religion was used to oppress the lower classes; free will to worship as you wish was not tolerated. The Romans only allowed slaves to worship government sanctioned religions. They believed Christians caused disorder and disruption to their political control. For instance, in Pliny to the Emperor Trajan (294), Pliny describes the Christian faith as a degenerate sort of cult carried to extravagant lengths. Further, he shows his frustration over the interrogation of Christians, who are mostly slaves, and his recommendation of sending the accused off to execution (293). In the Southern U.S. slave era, Jacobs describes similar situations where religion was used as a tool to oppress. Jacobs emphasizes that religion was only introduced to slaves to keep them from killing their masters (69). The sermons to slaves were used to remind them to serve their masters obediently and to not shirk their work (70). Slave owners were eventually dissatisfied with slaves attending religious sermons because it was the only time slaves would be addressed as human beings which in the slaveholders mind was counterproductive to their efforts (73). Along with religious oppression there was also political oppression as well. Political oppression took the form of legislation against the lower classes. In Plinys Rome as well as in Jacobs U.S. South, slaves were non-persons who could not own an...

A Comprehensive PET-CT Database for Tracking Patient Variables

A Comprehensive PET-CT Database for Tracking Patient Variables Free Online Research Papers Abstract: A relational database was developed tracking demographic and examination information for patients undergoing PET/CT studies. Methods: A worksheet was first developed to capture patient and study information which was then entered into a relational database. Reports were designed to provide administrative and clinical information. Results: Approximately 2000 patients and three years of data have been recorded in the database. Reports have been used for administrative and research purposes. Conclusion: The database provided reports used to justify staffing, expenditures, and growth. It has also provided research data as well as clinical feedback used to improve the care and management of our patients. Introduction: In July 2003, the Medical College of Georgia installed a PET/CT scanner in its Radiation Therapy Outpatient Center. The scanner is used to perform a variety of diagnostic and oncology-related procedures. In order to be able to retroactively derive research data, a means of tracking patients as well as their individual studies was needed. Although a previously existing diagnostic PET scanner was in use, only radiopharmaceutical records were kept. In the radiation therapy PET/CT environment we felt it important to record additional information obtained from the in-depth patient history and physical. Materials and Methods: A worksheet was developed which allows the technologist to record a current medical history. It was designed by the nuclear medicine physician, the on-site radio pharmacist, and the lead PET technologist. Worksheet entries directly correspond to the database fields to simplify data input for the technologist. If funding becomes available for a computer in the incubation area, the technologist will be able to enter the history directly into the database. Worksheets are filled out by the nuclear medicine technical staff but in order to reduce errors, only the certified PET technologists perform data entry. Data has been collected since the inception of the PET/CT unit in August, 2003. The database currently holds approximately 2000 patients each of whom has had from 1 to 6 PET/CT examinations. Because of the complexity of the information to be recorded, it was determined that a relational database rather than a spreadsheet would be the most effective tool. A relational database promotes accuracy and flexibility and also simplifies data input. Rather than the free text fields used in spreadsheets, extensive use was made of drop boxes and radio buttons as shown in figure 1 which provide selection from fixed, pre-established choices. Because a patient can and often does have multiple examinations, one table was established for the patient and a related table for procedures. There is also a table of examination types. Using the relational capability of the database, every procedure is linked to a specific patient and exam type, both of which are selected from drop boxes. Tables were also developed for referring physicians and exam indications. Because information is linked rather than entered as free text, accuracy is improved and consistency is ensured. Current departmental research interests focus on several patient populations including pediatric lymphoma, cervical and gynecological cancer, and patients requiring treatment planning. Specific database fields were selected to allow future correlations of disease and risk factors. In addition, fields were provided related to patient demographics in order to provide regional coverage documentation for the Certificate of Need. As shown in figure 2, pre administrative reports include monthly procedure counts (figure 3), Veteran’s Administration patient volume, patient demographics for the Certificate of Need, and patient referral volume by physician (figure 4). For research purposes, study data in reports can be filtered by examination indications, type of exam, or patient sex, race, age, or risk factors. Results: The database is useful in providing financial reports. These reports are used to correlate contract billing and to monitor coding accuracy. Reports are also useful in looking at volumes in order to monitor productivity and develop future budgets. Database reports organize research data on patients and their studies including demographics, history, and risk factors. The tools associated with a relational database provide statistics useful in the publication of case studies, preparation of lectures, and tracking of research data. Discussion: The database was designed and structured to provide flexibility in the use and presentation of information. One of the advantages of a properly designed database is that the presentation of information can be readily customized. Those entering information into the database as well as the individuals who will be using the results and reports should be involved in the design process. After obtaining all potentially useful information in the proper format, reports can be customized to fit the needs of administrators and researchers. The approach used in the development and use of this database is adaptable to other types of institutions. The focus should be predicting the information required by the specific users as well as simplifying data entry. Well-designed database structure and screens can save time and reduce or eliminate many input errors, thus enhancing productivity and accuracy. Once accurate information is collected in a well-designed format, it is relatively simple for someone proficient with databases to produce customized reports. This is especially important because users often have changing needs and interests over time. Below are examples of reports which administrators and clinicians at our institution have found useful: Veteran Patient Volume The reimbursement department uses this data to track billing cycles. Physician Referral Base This information is useful in focusing marketing efforts by identifying areas for development. Pediatric Lymphomas Following pediatric patients over a period of years will help determine improved clinical pathways for disease management. Gynecological Cancers The gynecological clinic is one of our largest referral bases. This information will be used to differentiate needs for customized scanning such as â€Å"dual point† scanning post surgery. Patient Logs and Volumes Reports provide monthly and yearly patient volume data in both textual and graphical format. Accurate volume information allows us to project staffing needs and schedule system maintenance. The printout also provides a hardcopy back-up of invaluable data. Radiation Treatment Planning By tracking the protocol used for each patient, outcomes are improved by retrospectively analyzing clinical patient management. Conclusion: This database has provided hospital administration with accurate and timely reports to justify staffing, expenditures, and growth. It has provided our physicians with a plethora of research data and has provided our technologists with a method of correlative thinking in the care and management of our patients. As volume increases, the need for accurate, easily accessible information becomes more important. The database is being continually modified and new reports are being developed to enhance management and research functions. Use of a PET/CT tracking database should prove helpful to other facilities to exploit the potential of this technology. References: 1. Gardner WD. Breast Cancer Database Provides Faster Access To Patient Records. InformationWeek Web site. 2005. Available at: informationweek.com/story/showArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=NBXENMVY3EP5AQSNDBGCKHSCJUMEKJVN?articleID=174400322. Accessed April 28, 2007. 2. Johnson S, Paul T, Khenia A. Generic Database Design for Patient Management Information. American Medical Informatics Association Web site. Available at: amia.org/pubs/symposia/D004062.PDF. Accessed April 28, 2007. 3. Friedman C, Hripcsak G, Johnson SB, Cimino JJ, Clayton PD. A Generalized Relational Scheme for an Integrated Clinical Patient Database. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care. Washington, D.C. 1990. 4. Essin DJ, Lincoln TL. Implementing a Low-cost Computer-based Patient Record: A controlled vocabulary reduces database design complexity. In: Gardner R, ed. Nineteenth Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care. Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus, 1995:431-5. Research Papers on A Comprehensive PET-CT Database for Tracking Patient VariablesArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Project Managment Office SystemRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanResearch Process Part OneThe Fifth HorsemanInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThree Concepts of PsychodynamicOpen Architechture a white paper

Being Bad in Spanish is Malo

Being Bad in Spanish is Malo Malo is a common Spanish adjective meaning bad or in some way undesirable. The translation can vary depending on context. Its feminine form is mala, and through the process of apocopation, which is shortening, it can become  mal when it comes before a singular masculine noun. Its usual adverb  form is mal, although the another related adverb form,  malamente, can be used to mean badly. As an adjective, malo, mala or mal can almost always be translated as bad, although other translations may be more suitable depending on the context. The plural forms are malos and malas. Mal-  is also a prefix that typically means bad or undesirable. An example of that would be maleducado, which means impolite, as someone who didnt learn their manners. Mal, Malo, Mala, Malos and Malas Used as Adjectives Form of Malo Spanish Sentence English Translation malo Quiero comprar un coche y tengo crdito malo. I want to buy a car and have bad credit. mala Muchas personas consideran que tienen mala memoria. Many people think they have a poor memory. malo No hay libro tan malo del que no se pueda aprender algo bueno. Theres no such thing as a book so bad that you cant learn something good from it. mal No puedo eliminar el mal olor de refrigerador. I cant get rid of the bad refrigerator smell. malo Hay algo malo con mi telfono? Is there something wrong with my telephone? mala El principal causante de la mala circulacin es la arterioesclerosis. The main cause of poor circulation is atherosclerosis. malas No estoy preparado para escuchar las malas noticias. Im not prepared to hear the bad news. malos Son los jugadores ms malos de la galaxia. Theyre the worse players in the galaxy. mal Los superhroes son un mal ejemplo para los adolescentes. Superheroes are a bad example for adolescents. Mal Used as an Adverb Common translations for mal as an adverb include badly and poorly, although others can be used as well to fit the context. Spanish Sentence English Translation Nadaron mal en el mundial. They swam poorly in the world competition Nuestro equipo estaba mal preparado. Our team was poorly prepared. Nuestros hijos comen mal. Our children eat poorly. Muchos pacientes estn mal diagnosticados. Many patients are incorrectly diagnosed. Mi bebe duerme mal durante la noche. My baby sleeps poorly at night. Estudiamos mal la historia de otros pases. We do a bad job of studying the history of other countries. Mal as an Adjective and Adverb at the Same Time Sometimes mal functions as an adverb in Spanish, such as with estar, but in English may be translated as an adjective.   Spanish Sentence English Translation Algo huele mal en mi casa. Something smells bad in my house. Me parece mal que no vengan todos. I feel bad that not everyone is coming. La ciudad no est mal, pero hay mucho desempleo. The city isnt bad, but there is much unemployment. Mal as a Noun Especially when used with estar, mal sometimes means sick or ill. Hoy yo y mi familia estamos mal, which means,  My family and I are sick today. This sentence can also be translated to mean literally and colloquially understood as feeling sick as in, My family and I feel poorly today. Mal can also be translated to mean evil. In this case, it would need the definite article the, literally translating to the bad, which is the Spanish way of saying evil.

International Monetary Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Monetary Relations - Essay Example This will be centralized in one country hence policy setting as well as decision making can be improved on funds management. Execution is however, not personalized. Amongst the problems experienced, is currency risk when the value of exchange rates is not monitored. The treasurer and CFOs of the MNCs need to understand fully how to organize, report and integrate business operations for efficiency in resource use. Globally, it has been seen that idling of cash of up to $80 billion is a loss to the economy. Such a huge cash flow not invested for 3 months is non-beneficial and in turn loses value. Effective global treasury is aimed at managing such funds seldom producing economic benefits. Other aspects to be considered include the reporting systems in use, managing cash flow and working capital, and strengthening governance. The analysis shows that MNCs are making detrimental decisions if errors are made. One example reveals a loss in the value of foreign exchange when a North American company erroneously paid the wrong employee in the wrong country. A reversal of the transaction saw the company lose part of its money. Spreadsheets programs predispose the MNCs to inaccurate reporting. This can cause hedging of funds, to invest or to borrow where conditions do not depict so. The effect is higher if the actions are taken across border and the foreign exchange as well international market investments are at the core for MNCs. The open currency system that is mostly applied worldwide saw the North America Company lose its value for money. Government interventions are needed in order to globalize the treasurer to curb such effects. The foreign exchange can be abolished and investment made by MNCs be it currency forwards or currency futures or currency options will be easily managed through one currency system. Inaccuracy in cash forecasting is stated at 80% by treasurers. This is detriment to the economy since funds are not effectively managed and poor decision in cur rency derivatives can be made. Managing working capital is a key element in business operations. However, the managers in the MNCs find themselves in a predicament where working capital is held in regions where the MNCs are not established. A look at parity and forecasting for the MNCs would reveal that the interest parity rates as well as the purchasing power rates are not considered in achieving the fundamental goal- cash optimization. The inflation rates rising in some countries are not considered in this case. The purchasing power of products or service so created by the MNCs may be so low leading unprofitable endevours in some developing countries. Inaccuracy in cash flow reporting leads to improper forecasting and poor investment strategies. Financial risk should be critically assessed considering gains and losses that can arise in global business operations. The global treasury can assist in streamlining the decision making process if implemented effectively. MNCs are faced w ith currency exchange management in different countries. The liquidity of their operations in the near future can be analysed by measuring the currency exposure. The transaction exposure can be obtained by assessing values of foreign suppliers and consumers, subsidiary and affiliated companies in relation to liquidity of the MNCs. The cash flows and overall working capital can be monitored to show the operational exposure for the MNCs. The

Critique of Research Article Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critique of Research Article - Term Paper Example Urinary Tract Infection refers to the presence of germs in the urinary tract. It is a very common type of infection like respiratory tract infection. Having a catheter within a urinary tract increases the chances of a urinary tract infection. It also makes it harder to treat the original infection for which catheter was using. Bacteria will grow in it if the urinary catheter is left in place for a long time. A large number of bacteria in the urinary tract may result in a harmful infection. Most catheters associated urinary tract infections are caused by bacteria. Wilson and Jenner (2007) stated: â€Å"The presence of a urethral catheter interferes with the natural mechanism. The urethral catheter is thus a major predisposing factor in urinary tract infections in health services.† (P: 217) Researches done in the filed of nursing practices improve the practice of nursing and health services along with raising the standards of the profession but not every research is properly don e and can be considered to bring a change in nursing practice. Such researches must be evaluated to estimate the worth of the study and the evidence provided in it to critically appraise the study. ... The study population here is the people experiencing urinary tract infection due to catheterization. The major outcome being measured is the occurrence of urinary tract infection due to the use of catheters. The aim of this study paper is to test the effectiveness of a â€Å"newly designed urine-collecting system containing an antibacterial device which slowly releases silver ions onto the inner surface of the system† to prevent or reduce the chances of UTIs due to the use of catheters. The purpose of this research is feasible, relevant, healing and interesting. The study provides an abstract of the complete study which gives a quick view of its objective, study population and the conclusion derived. The abstract is usually considered as an essential part of an article in order to convey its important points to users with very limited time. The writers divide the abstract into five parts i.e., objective, patients and methods, results, conclusions and keywords. Abstract also re veals the focus and important aspects of the study according to the researchers. The actual study begins with the part of introduction. The introduction part is important because it defines the problem that is to be resolved and the reason why it is important to resolve that particular problem. In a standard research study, this part is divided into three parts which are background, rationale, and conceptual framework of the study. But this paper does not provide such a consistent introduction. The introduction is lengthy and not divided into these formal parts. The next part in a standard research paper should have been the literature review which is a collection of information about former researches conducted in relevance with the topic of the research. However

Answer the questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Answer the questions - Essay Example The scope entails establishing the capability of the system to interact with other elements within the environment with which the system operates is essential. The requirements of the users must be assessed effectively to ensure that they are incorporated within the operation of the system. The identification of system weaknesses is fundamental in seeking to establish a properly functioning system to undertake the required functions. Limitations into the process of system analysis are the regulations that exist with regard to the technology that can be utilised in establishing a functioning system. Technological differences between the system and the applications being utilised presents a significant challenge to system analysts Fact-finding measures are essential in the determination of the functions that a system can undertake, with regard to the user requirements. Use cases provide a platform upon which system usability is commonly analysed. Information gained from fact-finding and use cases is essential in system analysis, as it is the fundamental base upon which decisions regarding the system are made. Technological discrepancies are commonly solved by undertaking an analysis of the available technology during the feasibility study. These social settings provide an individual with guidelines through which daily activities are based upon. Before undertaking any personal activity, one requires to make an analysis of the activities involved in order to determine which one comes before the others. The consideration for the environment within which one undertakes his/her activities is essential in ensuring that no harm comes to the society. The limitations that an individual experiences in life come from the knowledge possessed, and the values held by the individual. The fundamental assumptions within the context of this project include the capability of an individual to undertake an object analysis of self, and the capability to undertake the

Forum 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Forum 2 - Assignment Example All the books place an importance over the Gospels, New Testament, and the Holy Spirit. Theology is an evident element of all three books that explain the functioning of evangelism, church, and the ministry. My understanding of ministry often overlooked the importance of biblical theology in determining and directing ministry activities. In many instances, I felt that the ministry work was an activity independent of scriptural backing. However, I have now understood that ministry of the Holy Spirit cannot be isolated as a separate entity but it greatly depends on the things said by God in the Gospels. Tidball (2008) has explored different aspects of leadership in the pastoral sense to scrutinize the ministry practices as they are situated in a specific cultural context or is influenced by the church setting. So, I have learnt that pastoral leadership is supported by the gospels because it is about serving God in His way. 2) In my understanding of pastoral leadership or ministry, a transformation would involve a positive change such that it inspires others to break away from their problems in order to find the way of the truth. Because much of my understanding states that ministry is truly about following God’s way of serving, this process would also involve an augmentation of faith not only in God but also in oneself that we also have a purpose on Earth. Hence, the spirit-energized transformation would likely make a strong individual and one who has faith, which also means that the individual is guided by God’s grace away from sins. This would create an atmosphere of positivity thereby inspiring others. A change in virtues would occur where compassion and humbleness may symbolize the transformation to help others and lead them to the way of right. The transformation would be more positive and would inspire others. Also, the transformation would be more spiritual in nature involving an internal change that is more

GMR (Giant magneto-Resistance) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

GMR (Giant magneto-Resistance) - Essay Example The path thus travelled is called the mean free path length. The electrical resistance is directly proportional to this mean free length. The inference is, more the free length less is the bombardment of the electron with other atomic particles hence less is the resistance of the material. However in materials that are very thin the chances of electrons reaching its outer boundary very quickly and getting dispersed are more than getting scattered by other electrons within the material itself. The low thickness of the material thus creates it difficult for the electrons to travel thereby increasing the resistance. The diagram indicated above show the manner in which resistivity increases with decrease of mean free path. In order to achieve this GMR effect another key in the construction of this film is that these are manufactured in thin layers of magnetic and non-magnetic materials.( Application Notes for GMR Sensors, 2010) The GMR film is such that the magnetization of the two layers separated by the non magnetic layer creates an anti-ferromagnetic coupling. It means when there is no externally applied magnetic field the magnetization of these two layers is in the opposite direction. Under the influence of an external magnetic field the electrons in each magnetic layer aligns according to its spin. Since the spin direction is opposite in these two layers either electron from each layer scatters off the boundary of the other magnetic layer. This results in a huge decrease of the mean free length of the electron causing an increase in electrical resistance. If however the magnetic field exceeds a certain limit this boundary barrier is overcome as all electrons in both the magnetic layers acquire the same spin. Thus the movement of electrons are eased leading to decrease in resistance.( Application Notes for GMR Sensors, 2010) The

International Marketing Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

International Marketing Environment - Essay Example Surplus balance of payments can be maintained only when the total exports of goods and services exceed the total imports of goods and services. Exports bring foreign currency to a country and this in turn can be used for making payments to importers. Government in each and every nation support exporters by arranging extensive loans and subsidies whereas impose restrictions on importing such as tariffs, quotas and embargoes. Economic integration between nations encompasses certain measures that are designed to abolish discriminations between economic units belonging to different nations. There are mainly five levels of economic integration, Free trade area, Customs union, Common market, Economic union and politic union. In free trade area, countries belonging to a specific trade bloc have an arrangement of free trade or less-restricted trade between them. Custom union is more advanced arrangement than free trade since it not only eliminated restrictions but also adopts uniform commercial policy between its nations. In a common market, there is free flow of labor and capital. Economic union is more advanced to these as it achieves some degree of economic harmonization of national economic policies (Bento and Bento, 2009). Economic integration between countries defines the nature and degree of economic as well as social links between nations. For instance, free trade provides more flexible marketing opportunities for both the countries whereas custom union facilitates uniform economic policies between nations. When firms go global and market internationally, there are major concerns of economic and cultural aspects. Each different nation has its own culture, social setting, languages and therefore marketers need to consider the language, culture and social system that they wish to market their goods and services in. The marketer requires extensive marketing research about customers’ general and specific

GMR (Giant magneto-Resistance) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

GMR (Giant magneto-Resistance) - Essay Example The path thus travelled is called the mean free path length. The electrical resistance is directly proportional to this mean free length. The inference is, more the free length less is the bombardment of the electron with other atomic particles hence less is the resistance of the material. However in materials that are very thin the chances of electrons reaching its outer boundary very quickly and getting dispersed are more than getting scattered by other electrons within the material itself. The low thickness of the material thus creates it difficult for the electrons to travel thereby increasing the resistance. The diagram indicated above show the manner in which resistivity increases with decrease of mean free path. In order to achieve this GMR effect another key in the construction of this film is that these are manufactured in thin layers of magnetic and non-magnetic materials.( Application Notes for GMR Sensors, 2010) The GMR film is such that the magnetization of the two layers separated by the non magnetic layer creates an anti-ferromagnetic coupling. It means when there is no externally applied magnetic field the magnetization of these two layers is in the opposite direction. Under the influence of an external magnetic field the electrons in each magnetic layer aligns according to its spin. Since the spin direction is opposite in these two layers either electron from each layer scatters off the boundary of the other magnetic layer. This results in a huge decrease of the mean free length of the electron causing an increase in electrical resistance. If however the magnetic field exceeds a certain limit this boundary barrier is overcome as all electrons in both the magnetic layers acquire the same spin. Thus the movement of electrons are eased leading to decrease in resistance.( Application Notes for GMR Sensors, 2010) The

Corporation Taxation Foreign Tax Credit Research Paper

Corporation Taxation Foreign Tax Credit - Research Paper Example However, there are four tests which one requires in order to qualify for the foreign tax credit (Rousslang, 1). It follows that foreign tax credit cannot be more than a company’s tax liability multiplied by a certain percentage thus maximum allowable foreign tax credit. Carrying back of the foreign tax credit is a common practice especially when the credit is more than the maximum limit (About.com, 1). It is usually carried to the future or previous year depending on the situation. Credit for Foreign Income Taxes Irs.gov (1) reveals that income tax systems across the world are known to provide credit for similar income taxes that are usually paid to foreign countries. A limitation of credit is usually subjected to the kind of taxes which are of a similar nature to the taxed being credited. There are a number of rules that govern the eligibility of a tax credit. They include basis and nature of the levy; availability of a tax treaty between the two countries; form of payments; political influence; similarity of credit between the two countries; conditions relating to the levy and property or services that accompany the taxes. A typical example is the United States tax system which allows foreign tax credit on the basis of limitations. These limitations are usually in relation to compulsory levies on gross receipts or net income. The countries that require participating in boycotts are not awarded the credit. This exemption also applies to taxes that are subjected to services and goods according to the relevant taxing authority. In the UK, foreign tax credit is allowed on foreign tax similar to corporation tax; subject to limitations (Irs.gov, 1). This... This essay is the best example of comparison tax system of different countries. The United States tax system which allows foreign tax credit on the basis of limitations. These limitations are usually in relation to compulsory levies on gross receipts or net income. The countries that require participating in boycotts are not awarded the credit. This exemption also applies to taxes that are subjected to services and goods according to the relevant taxing authority. In the UK, foreign tax credit is allowed on foreign tax similar to corporation tax; subject to limitations. This situation is provided for in the respective tax treaties. Canada is known to limit the credit by way of deductions in relation to gas or oil businesses. A common observation has been that most tax systems across the world indicate the specific time when a foreign levy is eligible to receive credit. This has to be in accordance to the agreed requirements of the foreign tax credit. Rousslang further reveals that so me tax systems offer credit simply because the tax can be taxed according to the existing domestic tax system. Other systems offer the credit on the basis of the time when the particular foreign item is being subject to income tax requirements. Some tax systems offer credit on the basis of recognition in their financial statements. The government plays a vital role when it comes to developing tax treaties. It is therefore expected that various countries across the world have different methods of approaching this issue.

Race and Gender Schemas Essay Example for Free

Race and Gender Schemas Essay A person’s gender schema affects how they treat all other people regardless of age, race, or social position; because we assume that everyone fits into one of two categories: male or female. There are other cultures that do not have a binary gender schema, and allow people to occupy a â€Å"third position† combining traits that Americans would see as male or female. It is unfortunate that gender schemas are so restrictive and create expectations and judgments about people’s authentic selves that can damage the psyche (Valian, 208). As a way to navigate the social world, gender schemas can be important, but like schemas for race and social class, they can reinforce hierarchies that restrict a large part of the population. Below, I will talk about my own gender schema, how I view the gender schema of my society, and how it could be changed to better As media becomes an ever more powerful force in shaping the worlds perception of itself, an individuals struggle to maintain a unique identity and self-understanding apart from media influence becomes increasingly difficult. Damaging to the idea of the self are the racial, gendered, and class-based stereotypes (always artificial and frequently physically, fiscally, and emotionally unattainable), which are broadly perpetuated and, because of their persistence, are apparently not broadly questioned. The prevalence and power of gender (especially female) stereotypes in the media are addressed in this p My own gender schema has changed radically from when I was younger. I can remember asking my mother â€Å"is that a boy or a girl? about a person whom my mother identified as a woman, but who had a very square, angular face with large eyes. Later, I learned to incorporate larger scale features (curvy hips or breasts; large shoulder-to-waist ratio) into my schema. Although I was raised as a girl and have always looked female (if not always perfectly feminine), I don’t always â€Å"act like a girl† – I am somewhat aggressive when playing sports, I’m not shy about asking questions, and I’m sometimes stoic about my emotions. This reflects my gender schema for males: â€Å"typical men† are aggressive in sports, readily ask questions, and do not express emotions. By contrast, â€Å"typical females† in my gender schema are concerned with their appearance, are not aggressive on the playing field, tend to be shy if they ask questions, usually assume that they are not in a position of authority, and express their emotions freely. My schematic representation of male and female physical features has relaxed slightly since childhood; plenty of the women I was with in high school were more angular than curvy. Even though I grew up in a fairly enlightened part of the world, men and women still used nonconformity to gender stereotypes/schemas to insult each other across group lines (women insulting men for being too female-like; men insulting women for being too male-like). Also, I was more cautious of people who did not fit my gender schema, because these schemas predict behavioral and cognitive tendencies, however unreliably. Although our society has changed significantly even in the past 30 years, gender schemas themselves are still very restrictive. It may be the case that fathers have increased their contribution to childrearing time so little because the gender schema for males still dictates that a man spend the best hours of his day at his job (TenenbaumLeaper, 616). Women are expected to conform to people’s gender schemas by liking children and being caring, sympathetic people – all qualities of good mothers. However, it is never clear that every woman you meet wants to be, or is even capable of being, a mother. Many people still retain a gender schema that does not allow for women in positions of power in the workplace. The industrialized nations’ gender schemas â€Å"support a sexist society by propagating an ideology of an innate and entirely pervasive, sex determined social structure† (Devor, 147). This is as bad for men as it is for women. For every woman passed over for promotion at work because their boss’s gender schema classifies them as a â€Å"mothering type,† unsuited for the fast-paced world of their chosen industry, there is probably a man in a high-pressure job that would like to ask for paternity leave, but doesn’t want to be belittled by â€Å"the guys. From my perspective as a woman, and as someone who has felt pressure to conform to a feminine gender schema, it seems like women get a worse deal if everyone uses the male/female gender schema in which typically-feminine behavior includes letting other people have their way, assuming you are not in a position of authority, and paying more attention to your appearance than your skill set. For gender schemas to change in society at large, gender schemas must change for children. The best way to do this is by exposing children to gender-atypical men and women in an accepting way, expanding children’s gender schemas and symbolically making it acceptable for men and women to be as â€Å"masculine† or â€Å"feminine† as they feel like. Another way to take the claws out of the American gender schema would be to legitimize between-gender roles, either by working towards acceptance of transgendered and transsexual populations or by studying the gender schemas of other cultures as a way to shift our own prejudices about what constitutes â€Å"maleness† and â€Å"femaleness. Shifting our gender schemas will allow people’s inherent strengths and weaknesses, rather than their adherence to stereotypes, to be the most important determinant of how we treat others. Heightened public awareness of both the existence of and potential damage caused by these stereotypes is essential if they are to be eliminated. Frequently, though, they are d ifficult to combat and even to identify because of the ways in which they are presented. Overwhelming amounts of time and energy are devoted to uplifting a small, specially selected portion of the population as models of physical perfection. These individuals are, predominantly, television and movie celebrities, fashion models, and sports figures. The glamorous ways in which these occupations are portrayed by the media are seemingly impossible to separate from the physical appearance of the people who hold them. The glamour that surrounds the media presentation of the lives and careers of these individuals extends, not surprisingly, to the clothes that they wear and the way that they look. In fact, so much attention is given to celebrity appearances that entire television programs are devoted to little else but visual exploitation of celebrity clothing and their tangible products of their latest fad workouts. The media presentation of the celebrity body has a single unifying thread, regardless of the specific job title of a given celebrity. Celebrity bodies are desired, both subjectively and objectively. The media, without question, shapes this public response. It can be argued (and has been, on many occasions) that, because the media portrays celebrities bodies as attractive, desirable, and good, they become national symbols of these characteristics. Conversely, bodies that do not meet this lofty goal frequently are, consciously or unconsciously, regarded as bad or ugly. Consider the most recent (and extremely popular) advertising tack used by Subway, the national fast food sandwich chain. Jared, the protagonist of the recent slew of television commercials, allegedly lost hundreds of pounds while on a diet consisting primarily of the chains fare. Jareds before pictures show him considerably larger than his current size, but they also show him alone, with no friends or family. In stark contrast, however, his after action shots consistently show him not only thinner, but also constantly in the presence of a beautiful woman, presumably his significant other. The advertising message is clear: fat=bad, ugly, unhappy and alone, thin=happy and with attractive partner. Through these commercials, Jared has assumed celebrity status, solely on the basis that his body has changed to approximate more closely the current standard of attractiveness. Sadly, though, there is a severe disconnect between the male and female body types lauded in the media and those of the public at large. A shockingly small minority of the population has the genetic dispensation to match with what the media purports to be attractive. For women, desirable physical characteristics (as they are portrayed in the media) include being thin, long-legged, slim-hipped, and large-breasted. The media-portrayed desirable physical characteristics for men include being muscular and possessing a full head of hair. Some characteristics are portrayed as desirable in both sexes, such as being tall, fit, athletic, young, and light-skinned. In the gap between what is implicitly beautiful in the eyes of the media and the physical reality of the popular majority flourishes a market of self-improvement products and services, ranging from hair dye and makeup to tanning salons, dieting, and plastic surgery. It seems as though nearly everyone, at some point in his or her life attempts to alter him- or herself in a physical way, in order to conform more closely to the marketed norm of attractiveness and desirability. Television, magazines, and newspapers are filled with advertisements promoting self-loathing, while offering miracle, body-altering cures. The body that does not conform to a sexy, sleek stereotype becomes a thing to be hated, improved upon, and generally tortured into submission. A portion of the damage caused by such a mentality is quantifiable, though observation of the huge profits accumulated yearly by various diet programs and plastic surgeons. The harm of this presentation of the human body can also be seen in our current societal epidemic of disordered eating, including anorexia, bulimia, over-exercising, excessive dieting, and over-anxiety over food. While the population subset living with and recovering from disordered eating is still predominately composed of women, the number of men with disordered and dangerous eating habits is on the rise. In addition to physical damage, intangible psychological harm results from body image problems to which the media contributes daily. When men and women are faced with the implication that their bodies, if they fail to conform to an impossibly stringent set of standards, are unattractive, unhealthy, and unlovable, they begin to lose confidence in themselves. The perception that a single, narrow range of body types is acceptable and healthy for men and women is not only in error, but contributes to widespread social discontent. Instead of celebrating the diversity and beauty of the human form, the media stifles our desire to feel comfortable with ourselves in an attempt to fool us into supporting a billion dollar self improvement market, from which the media garners tremendous financial benefits. In addition to (and perhaps more devastating than) the physical and emotional damage caused by the current media-driven obsession with achieving an arbitrary physical perfection, our society faces losing serious social perspective. As it is currently used in the media, the body is stripped of its uniqueness and forced into frustratingly narrow constraints: good/bad and attractive/unattractive. Little or no public attention is given to the countless other factors around which a persons identity is structured: kindness, generosity, honesty, friendliness, work ethics, personal motivation, intelligence, and spirituality. By focusing too intensely on the physical, our society risks losing sight of the fuller sense of what people are, and what makes us truly beautiful. My LAP is going to talk about a personal experience that I have encountered with a family member. I have a brother who fits the schemas that we have spoke about in class. I feel that my brother has been dealing with identity issues for a long time since his childhood. How do you deal with being something that you don’t feel you are? Being in this class has me see that everything is not black and white. Schemas are just a stereo type and everyone that may be something does not always seem to be the case. Sometimes there are many reasons that people feel that they are a part of a schema it can be caught up in how people act. Many things on TV make people want to try things like being attracted to the same sex. But sometimes it can be what is going on in your environment. Sometimes I feel that I am a part of a schema I am one of the only black females at my job that is around wide variety of Reform Jews and to me I feel sometimes that I am not suppose to be there but I hold my head up high and keep my enthusiasm very high. So schemas are every day and it just does not have to be about sexuality.

Effective Job Performance Tools

Effective Job Performance Tools Running head: EFFECTIVE PERFORMANCE TOOL1 Obispo, Stacey L. Effective Performance Tool The job performance tool selected for mental health care counselor evaluated performance on core competencies needed to conduct the job effectively and on organizational goals. The competencies were depicted through the US Department of Labor’s job description of mental health care workers and from KSAOs derived from The National Center for O*NET Development on mental health counselors. The formatting of the performance review consists of 4 Parts. Part 1 covers the prior review period and encompasses organizational goals and key responsibilities the mental health care worker was independently in charge of. Part 2 covers core competencies for the job of mental health counselor. These competencies include clinical evaluation, use of counseling theory and techniques, crisis management, law and ethics, billing and insurance and professionalism. Within these competencies evaluation of task focus, trait focus, and competency focus is made. Part 3 encompasses future goals to be compl eted by the next review period for the mental health care worker. These goals are focused on supporting the objectives of the organization and its mission and client needs. Although Part 3 is not scored, it sets expectations for goals to be accomplished along with a timeframe to do so base on the level of priority. These goals are then graded on the next year’s review in Part 1. Part 4 includes developmental goals and opportunities for the mental health care counselor. The goals in Part 4 reference the following: performance advancement, performance enrichment, and career development or professional growth. The performance tool was created to measure performance and productivity through specific job tasks, traits, and competencies needed to perform the job role of mental health counselor. The performance tool was selected because it measured performance based on the job role and also performance based on organizational goals. The author felt the performance tool was comprehensive because it ensured the organizational goals and needs were being met in Part1 while ensuring specific traits, tasks and competencies were being met in Part2. The performance tool guides the employee in understanding where the organization is heading because it gives the mental health counselor specific goals that are tied with those of the organization in Part 3. These goals are measured in the next performance review period as Part 1. Furthermore, Part 3 allows the employee to be a part of setting future goals. Although Part 4 does not measure performance it is a great feature because it gives the employee an opportunity to express what areas they may need developmental support in or express their desires for career progression. Part 4 allows the organization a way to help develop the employee in areas that may need improvement and allows them a way to strategically plan what employees may be willing to fulfill other positions as they become available The performance appraisal of Mental Health Counselor will be evaluated by utilizing a 5 point scale. The value on the scale is to be circled besides the side item that is being rated. The definition of the scale is below. Overall Rating For Parts 1 2 Job performance goals and job achievement factors determined by manager or supervisor. Manager/Supervisor Signature__________________________________________ Employee Signature ___________________________________________________ The performance appraisal consists of two parts. Part 1 covers performance contributions towards organizational goals /key responsibilities. These goals and responsibilities were established at the beginning of the new review period. New goals should be remarked within this section. Part1: Last Review Period’s Organizational Goals (University of California Berkeley, 2015): Part 2: Core Competencies needed to perform the job function of Mental Health counselor. Part: 3 Future Goals: Write performance goals for the current performance period to be evaluated .These separate goals should support those of the organization. The priority will be indicated (i.e. High-Medium-Low) for each goal based on organization goals, mission, and customer need (University of California Berkeley, 2015): Part 4: Development Plan Document developmental goals and opportunities for the Mental Health Care Counselor in the box bellow. Developmental goals should reference the following: performance advancement, performance enrichment, and career development or professional growth (University of California Berkeley, 2015). References National Center for O*NET Development. 21-1014.00. O*NET OnLine. Retrieved February 3, 2015, from http://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/21-1014.00 University of California Berkeley. (2015). Annual performance review: Professional staff. Retrieved from http://hrweb.berkeley.edu/performance-management/forms University of Toledo. (n.d.). Clinical mental health counselor final evaluation: Department of counselor education and school psychology. Retrieved from http://https://www.utoledo.edu//Intern_Clinical_Evaluati... US Department of Labor. (2014, January 8). Mental health counselors and marriage and family therapist. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/ooh/community-and-social-service/mental-health-counselors-and-marriage-and-family-therapists.htm#tab-1 Appendix The following is the job description of Mental Health Counselor as described by the US Department of Labor (2014): Help individuals manage and overcome emotional disorders and problems with their family relationships. Ask questions and listen to clients in order to help identify clients problems so that strategies can be developed to improve clients lives. Evaluate, diagnose and treat emotional and mental disorders. Inspire clients to talk about their experiences and emotions Aid clients in adjusting to changes in life and processing reactions Guide clients in creating strategies and skills to cope and change behavior Support clients in making decisions about their future Synchronize treatment with psychiatrist and social workers Refer clients to other services and resourced within the community that the mental health counselor cannot treat. Use counseling theory and techniques to help clients Help clients overcome disorders and help those that cannot overcome disorders manage them. Work with insurance companies for payment Address issues of self- esteem addiction, and substance abuse The following is KSAOs are defined for mental health counselors by The National Center for O*NET Development’s site: Knowledge required for the position was defined by knowing: psychology, therapy and counseling, English knowledge, customer and personal service, sociology and anthropology, clerical, education and training, philosophy and theology, law and government, and administration and management. Skills were defined as active listening, social perceptiveness, speaking, critical thinking, judgment and decision making, monitoring, writing, reading comprehension, and persuasion. Abilities included: oral comprehension, oral expression, problem sensitivity, inductive reasoning, written comprehension, written expression, deductive reasoning, speech clarity, speech recognition, and fluency of ideas. Other characteristics needed for the job role include: education which requires the completion of graduate school such as a maters’ degree, Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. The job role requires extensive skill, knowledge, and at least 5 years of experience. Individuals that are social, artistic and investigative are a good fit for the position. The following includes tasks defined for mental health counselors by The National Center for O*NET Development’s site: Maintain privacy of records linking to clients treatment, inspires clientele to talk about their feelings and converse about what is occurring in their lives Aid clients in developing insight into themselves and their relationships Gather facts regarding clients over discussions, surveillance or assessments Evaluate patients for risk of suicide attempts, document and maintain client-related paperwork such as patient diagnostic accounts, and notes regarding progress Record ,report, and maintain all mandatory treatment reports and reports Advise clients independently or in group sessions, to support overcoming dependencies, modifying to life, or making changes Chaperone clients in the development of strategies or skills so they can deal with their problems Execute crisis interventions with clients. Create and implement treatment plans founded on knowledge and clinical experience.

General Ulysses S. Grant :: essays research papers

Not long after fighting had begun in the Civil War, Ulysses S. Grant went back into battle and enlisted in the army. Grant was a great military leader. He combined tactics that were taught to him at West Point with his own knowledge and with what he picked up on from the Mexican War, where he was under the command of Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott. Grant proved his leadership and strategy when he captured Fort Donelson in Tennessee. This was the first major victory for the Union. This was where Grant said a famous line when the confederate general Simon B. Buckner requested an armistice. General Grant’s answer to this was â€Å"Yours of this date proposing Armistice, and appointment of Commissioners, to settle terms of Capitulation is just received. No terms except an unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted. I propose to move immediately upon your works.† This is where he gets his nickname Unconditional Surrender Grant. And as a result of this victory, Grant is promoted to Major General. Another important victory for Grant was his victory at Vicksburg. This battle was the deciding factor for the Union taking control of the Mississippi River, which would cut the Confederacy in half. Grant had succeeded in starving out the Confederates in order to capture the city. Grant demanded unconditional surrender from the Confederate commander, Simon Bolivar Buckner. This along with the victory at Gettysburg marks the turning point of the war. Not to long after this, Grant is promoted to Lieutenant General, giving him complete power over all armies. This is when Grant launches his new campaign of Total war, where he is not only at war with the Confederate soldiers, but also with civilians who are helping out the Confederates. He sends General Sherman on his famous march to the sea, where Sherman and his troops burn everything in their path. While this was going on, Grant was attacking Lee’s army, just battle after battle, because Lee had no reserves to replace men who have died, but the Union had many civilians in their reserve.

Study Skills Assignment

Table of Contents Task 11 1. Introduction:2 2. Research strategy:2 3. Data collection methods:3 3. 1Primary data collection method:3 3. 2Secondary data collection method:3 4. Resources/Data Access:4 5. How and Why:4 Task 25 1. Project Plan:5 Work break down structure (WBS)6 2. Understanding the instructions:6 3. Managing Time Effectively As a Post Graduate Learner:7 4. Gant chart:7 5. Collection of information:8 6. Write a more detailed plan:9 7. Getting Started, Editing the work, proofreading the draft and the final edit9 Task 310 Critical Reflection Report:10References:13 PLANNING & REFLECTING AT POSTGRADUATE LEVEL Task 1 Develop a research strategy explaining EXACTLY how you will find relevant academic material to help you with THIS SPECIFIC ASSIGNMENT, i. e. specific search ‘strategies’ & ‘search terms’, which databases & journals you will query, how & why, etc. 1. Introduction: An assignment is a task that is given to testify a student’s knowledg e regarding a particular subject or topic which he/she is asked to produce as a part of his/her academic course and this assignment is usually assessed.However, there are different kinds of assignments given during the course such as theoretical assignments, practical assignments containing theory and some practical approach by conducting primary research for example, development of business plan (Bell, 2002). The student/researcher when given an assignment should first develop an understanding of the contents of the assignment and then should develop a research strategy according to which he/she can start and complete the given assignment.Apart from developing a research strategy for the assignment another important which needs to be considered is the mode of data collection and the sources from where the data for the particular assignment could be gathered. Further the writer needs to keep in mind the length/word count of the assignment, the kind of report required whether an essa y is asked to write or a report that might be containing headings, diagrams, charts and graphs (Bell and Chan, 2005). 2. Research strategy: A research strategy is a plan of action that gives direction to your efforts, enabling you to conduct research systematically rather than haphazardly† (Bain, 2000). The following research strategy will be employed to conduct the current assignment: * Thorough study of the topic and related subjects prior to starting the assignment. * Understanding the requirements of the assignment * Thinking of such ideas that can make the assignment different from others. * Inquiring yourself as what do I want to do in the assignment? * Collecting data through browsing different sources. Locating a specific piece of information * Retrieving all the related material on the given subject Further, for the current assignment the research strategy adopted by the writer would be based on the requirements of the assignment. As the assignment requires the develo pment of such a strategy which will help the writer to find the academic material for the current assignment. However the following ways will be utilized to collect data. 3. Data collection methods: The most widely used data collection methods are: * Primary data collection method * Secondary data collection method 4. Primary data collection method: Primary data is usually present in raw form or in the original form which the researcher collects by employing different methods such as questionnaire, observations, and focus groups, personal and telephonic interviews. This kind of data is not used previously in any research or by anyone. However for the current study this kind of data collection method would not be required as the current assignment does not require any such data that requires the development of questionnaire, conducting interviews or observations (Kumar and Ranjit, 2005). 4. 2 Secondary data collection method:This kind of data already exists in published and non publi shed form, however secondary data is mainly comprised of compiled statistical reports, financial reports, news, articles and journals which could be accessed through different research engines such as Google and through various sources such EMARLD, Mintel, EBSCO, Jstor, Lexis, Key Note, Willey Interscience and Nexis and also through books and web pages. However for completing the current assignment secondary data collection method will be employed and data will be collected through different resources (Dawson, 2002). 4. Resources/Data Access:The information gathered for the current assignment were from different resources such as Journal of Educational Administration, International Studies in Educational Administration, further few books were also employed to gather information such as Developing and applying study skills. London: Chartered Institute of personnel and development, Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling, edition. 9th Canada: Jo hn Wiley & Sons, The 7 habits of highly effective people. United Kingdom: Simon & Schuster UK ltd and Research Methods for Business Students. 5th ed.England: Pearson Education Limited (Saunders et al. , 2003). 5. How and Why: The journal of educational administration was found by using EMARLD, which is an authenticated academic resource and students have access to it through the respective university/college library. Further the international studies in educational administration were also found through EMARLD. The different articles and journal were found by entering the key words of the subject in the search bar and the search engine will find relevant articles. However the different books were accessed through Wiley Interscience such as Developing and applying study skills.London: Chartered Institute of personnel and development, Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling, edition. 9th Canada: John Wiley & Sons, however few web pages were also accessed through Google Scholar (http://scholar. google. com). These resources were employed due their academic authenticity as well as they are properly published resources bearing proper author name and the year they were published (Saunders et al. , 2003). Task 2 1. Project Plan: The project plan for the current assignment is simple and is presented as follows: * Understanding the instructions What is the question actually asking for? * Have a quick plan before starting * Collection of information * Use of other authors’ work * Write a more detailed plan * Getting started * Editing the work * Proofreading the draft * The final edit The project plan for starting and completing this assignment is also given in the following form (work break down structure). Work break down structure (WBS) 2. Understanding the instructions: The first and foremost step after getting any kind of assignment is to read it carefully and understand its instructions and for instance if there is ny ambiguity it could be cleared at the beginning so that the assignment could be completed with clear instructions. In case of the current assignment the writer read the instructions and discussed it with the tutor to have a more understanding of the requirements. Moreover, the question/query being asked was fully understood and a quick plan as how to start the assignment was made which included work break down structure and Gantt chart. This further enabled the writer to estimate the time required for the current assignment (Kerzner, 2006) 3. Managing Time Effectively As a Post Graduate Learner: Time management refers to the development of processes and tools that increase efficiency and productivity† (Ward, 2012). Further it allows a person to mange time effectively and allocates right time to right activity. Managing time effectively allows the individual to prioritize activities according to their importance and allot specific time slot to that activity. Like wise in order t o mange time effectively and after having a complete understanding of the instructions the writer was capable of allotting the time required for the current assignment.As time management is critical and important factor in completion of the assignment (Mancini, 2003). 4. Gant chart: The Gantt charts are rigorously used as a project planning tool that could be utilized in order to present the timings of activities that are required to be done in a project. However, Gantt charts are very simple and easy to make and they are widely used by project managers for all type of projects (Durfee, 2008). The following Gantt chart is base on the work break down structure given above. The following graph shows the work load distribution over the week days.It is evident from the graph that more time was given to the assignment on the weekends that is 25 percent on Saturday and 28 percent on Sunday; however the distribution of work is done as per the following percentages on each day. 5. Collectio n of information: This is the most important activity in making an assignment as the assignment is produced using information gathered from different sources. However, for the current assignment different sources were utilized in order to get good quality academic article, journals, books and web pages.These sources include Journal of Educational Administration; International Studies in Educational Administration, further few books were also employed to gather information such as Developing and applying study skills. London: Chartered Institute of personnel and development, Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling, edition. 9th Canada: John Wiley & Sons, The 7 habits of highly effective people. United Kingdom: Simon & Schuster UK ltd and Research Methods for Business Students. 5th ed. England: Pearson Education Limited.An important point while gathering information was to consult the core books and such sources that have been recommended by the tutor, apart from these additional information was also gathered. In case if the writer can not get good articles, the best way is to look at the reference list of any one article and the writer can search for the articles and books used by the author of that article. Another important point to be considered is that while collecting information the writer must be sure the material being collected is relevant to the topic he is searching for, otherwise this can distract the writer from the main topic (Covey, 2004). . Write a more detailed plan: In this stage, after collecting the information the writer needs to select the information which is to be included in the assignment and also the order in which it will come. At this stage the writer has to plan how to organize the information and his thoughts for this he may have to write a list, draw flow diagram, and make charts and tables in order to arrange the information in a symmetrical and presentable form. This practice helps the wr iter to save time and the assignment will have a flow rather than jumping between different topics.Thus making a detailed plan/structure of the assignment will helps the writer to have a more balanced assignment. 7. Getting Started, Editing the work, proofreading the draft and the final edit After making the structure and flow of the assignment, it is easier for the writer to start the assignment; however, the assignment is usually started with an introduction which is a brief explanation of the topic and this portion gives an insight of the assignment; what is it all about.An important thing which must be remembered that every time the writer makes some notes from a source he/she should keep the reference of the source and it will prevent the assignment from plagiarism and will save time at the end as well. Similarly the writer should make necessary edition in the assignment where necessary, moreover after completing the assignments the writer should proof read the whole draft and make necessary corrections where required and also should check for the grammatical mistakes if any.The writer should follow proper reference style as prescribed by the tutor. Following the above mentioned plan can help the writer make a quality assignment (Currie, 2005). Task 3 Write a 1000 word REFLECTIVE piece (with relevant academic references) that critically analyses the following FOR THIS SPECIFIC ASSIGNMENT: Critical Reflection Report: To begin with, the module study skills for postgraduate learning has been helpful in so many ways as it helped me develop my skills for the post graduate study level.During the course I learnt many things which enabled me to improve my study performance and enhance my skills both at studies and inter personal skills. Further devising a project plan strategy has helped me a lot in enhancing my skills as how a research is done, what are the necessary steps that should be considered, what the different ways through which data could be are collect ed and how data could be collected. However there were certain problems which were encountered during the research report such as data collection.It was not easy to gather a comprehensive and to the point data from the various resources, therefore the writer has to be very precise and accurate about selection of data as wrong data could lead to ambiguous statements and can distract the writer from main topic. Therefore from the current module I have learnt how to search for a particular topic and how to extract the relevant material from it. However, this practice will remain helpful through my academic career as I will need to search for other subjects as well in order to prepare the assignments (Kolb, 1999).Another aspect which has helped me during this module is the time management. Time management is an effective tool through which one can mange different activities on time and can give proper time for completing the task as well. During the current assignment, in order to compl ete and submit the assignment on time, I made a proper work break down structure through which I divided each task in small chunks and allotted time as per its priority and this helped me in managing the task in time. Moreover, the division of work according to an allotted time helped me expedite my activities and complete them on time.This particular aspect of time management will be greatly helpful for me in my future life as this practice will allow me to do the tasks in future in the same way. This will further help me to complete my tasks on time also making a break down structure and allotting time will reduce my work burden and I will be able to do the same the work in a more professional and proper manner rather than haphazardly (Allwood, 1980). The process of searching has enabled me to skim through the documents and take the relevant ones out rather studying each and every document and wasting my time.This is an important quality the researcher must posses as in case of sh ort time and where quick action is required, this quality enables the reader to quickly skim through the important notes and respond accordingly (Lillian, 2005) During the course of this assignment as many articles and journals were gathered in order to retrieve useful information for the assignment, by going through this practice, my reading habit has enhanced a lot and reading more has also enhanced my knowledge about particular topic and in future same practice will increase my knowledge about different topics.Another important learning through this assignment is that the more I read different articles and books it enhances my vocabulary. Prior to getting into the reading habit, my vocabulary was week but now if I find I am not aware about any topic or I lack in any information then I search for the particular topic and learn about that topic. The reading habit has made books my friend and through this I enhance my knowledge about different subjects and topics.This habit can help me in future as well as whatever is learnt in present or past does help the individual in future as well and this can save the time of the individual in future from relearning (Martin and Harrell, 2004). Talking specifically of the SSPL assignment, it was a great learning over all. As the assignment itself was focusing primarily on the ways students gathers information in order to make an assignment. For a student it’s a great learning throughout his education career as this enables the student to learn the proper way of making the assignment.This in turn helps the student score good grades. From the current assignment, I came to know that the first thing after getting any assignment or project is to understand its instructions well before starting and after understanding the instructions, an initial plan or structure should be drafted that comprises of the writers ideas, and then information should be gathered accordingly. This drafted structure helped me to have symmetry i n my work.However, during the collection of information I came up with better ideas and the information collected gave me new ideas to think in different perspectives about the same topic. Through this assignment I came to learn about making connection of the previous paragraph to the link, rather than jumping from one topic to another (Kim, 2001). Another important learning through this assignment which will benefit me in the future as well is the proper referencing of the information I took from other sources.This prevents me from plagiarism. As plagiarism is copying someone else work or ideas without giving any credit or reference (Burney, 2012). I learnt through this assignment that copy pasting any authors work is unethical, however, if one reproduce any idea in his/her own words by properly referencing it, then it is not plagiarism. However, through this practice I came to know about different styles of referencing such as APA style Harvard style of referencing.To put it in a nutshell, it was a great learning experience through this assignment and it will help me in future to draft quality assignments and score good grades. And it is accurately said by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. that: â€Å"To be master of any branch of knowledge, you must master those which lie next to it; and thus to know anything you must know all†. ~Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. References: Allwood, J. (1976), Linguistic Communication as Action and Cooperation, Monographs in Linguistics 2, Dept of Linguistics, Goteborg University. Allwood, J. 1980), â€Å"Power and Communication† in Allwood, J & Ljung, M (red): Alvar – A festshrift to Alvar Ellegard, SPELL 1, Dept of English, Stockholm University. Bain, A. (2000), â€Å"The school design model: strategy for design of 21st century schools†, in Dimmock, C. and Walker, A. (Eds), Future School Administration: Western and Asian Perspectives, Chinese University Press, Hong Kong, pp. 131-66. Bell, L. (2002), â€Å" Strategic planning and school management: full of sound and fury, signifying nothing? † Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 0 No. 5, pp. 407-24. Bell, L. and Chan, D. W. K. (2005), â€Å"Principals’ leadership and strategic planning in primary schools in Hong Kong and England: a comparison†, International Studies in Educational Administration, Vol. 33 No. 3, pp. 2-21. Burney, A. (2012), Plagiarism, [online], available at: http://www. uok. edu. pk/news/docs/PlagPres. pdf, accessed on 06/05/2012. Lillian. C, (2005), Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Currie D. , (2005) Developing and applying study skills.London: Chartered Institute of personnel and development. Covey S. R. , (2004) The 7 habits of highly effective people. United Kingdom: Simon & Schuster UK ltd Dawson, C. (2002), Practical Research Methods, New Delhi, UBS Publishers’Distributors. Durfee, W. (2008), Project Planning and Gantt Charts, [O nline], available at: http://www. me. umn. edu/courses/me2011/handouts/proj_planning. pdf, accessed on 05/05/2012. Kumar and Ranjit, 2005, Research Methodology-A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners,(2nd. ed. ),Singapore, Pearson Education. Kim, Y. Y. 2001), Becoming intercultural: An integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Kolb D. (1999). The Kolb Learning Style Inventory, Version 3. Boston: Hay Group. Martin, J. N. , & Harrell, T. (2004), Intercultural re-entry of students and professionals: Theory and practice. In D. Landis, J. M. Bennett, & M. J. Bennett (Eds. ), Handbook of intercultural training, 3rd ed. 309–336. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Saunders M. , Lewis P. and Thornhill A. , (2003) Research Methods for Business Students. 5th ed. England: Pearson Education Limited.